UC-NRLF 


Q  2  b7^  110 


SCHOOL 


MANUAL  OF  STYLE 


GOVERNING 


COMPOSITION  AND  PROOF  READING 


IN  THE 


GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE. 


PKKPAKf''    '  ^'"  '•    '  ,r,r.    ri.M.u     iki  mi.k. 


WASHINGTON : 

GOVERNMEiNT   PRINTING   OFFICE. 

1894. 


MANUAL  OF  STYLE 


GOVERNING 


COMPOSITION  AND  PROOF  READING 


IN  THE 


GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE. 


PREPARED  UNDER  THE  DIRECTION  OF  THE  PUBLIC  PRINTER. 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT    PRINTING   OFFICE. 

1894. 


1(523 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Abbreviations .' 1 8 

Bill  style 25-28 

Capitalization 9-16 

Compounding 17 

Court  work 22 

Follow — follow  lit 22 

General  testimony 23 

Geographic  names 7 

Greek  accents 40 

Greek  alphabet 40 

Greek  case 40 

Journal  work , 29-32 

Mathematical,  astronomical,  and  physical  signs 39 

Miscellaneous 24 

Orthography 7 

Preface 5 

Standard  page  measurements 39 

Suggestions  to  authors 6 

Suggestions  for  compositors,  readers,  and  revisers 33-38 

Tabular  work 19-21 

Use  of  figures 18 

Use  of  itauc 23 

3 


002 


PREFACE. 


Clear  and  positive  rules  for  composition  and  proof  reading  are  needed  in  printing 
offices  to  prevent  confusion  and  unnecessary  delay  and  expense.  Inflexible  rules  for 
style  in  all  works  can  not  be  given,  but  for  the  general  work  of  the  Government 
Printing  OflSce  the  rules  herein  contained  will  be  observed.  When  important 
changes  are  to  be  made,  written  or  printed  instructions  will  be  furnished  or  there 
will  be  a  special  preparation  of  copy. 

All  persons  connected  with  the  typographical  divisions  of  this  office  are  requested 
to  preserve  this  book  and  study  carefully  and  well  the  rules  and  suggestions  offered 
for  their  guidance. 

Department  editors  are  requested  to  make  their  copy  conform  as  nearly  as  possible 
to  the  style  here  presented,  and  to  specify  fully  when  sending  work  to  this  office 
any  general  deviation  therefrom  that  may  be  desired. 

5 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  AUTHORS. 


Authors  are  advised  to  so  prepare  their  copy  that  it  can  be  clearly  understood  by 
the  printer.  Nothing  should  be  left  for  conjecture.  Measurable  perfection  can  be 
secured  by  first  transcribing  copy  on  the  typewriter,  and  before  releasing  it  for 
publication  giving  it  as  careful  revision  as  is  afterwards  given  proof  sheets.  In 
the  end  this  will  not  only  save  time,  but  Department  printing  funds  frequently 
exhausted  in  making  author's  corrections  in  proof  Avill  be  available  for  other  work. 
Typewritten  copy  is  always  preferable,  when  not  on  paper  too  thin,  but  plain  copy 
is  absolutely  essential  to  good  work. 

The  following  are  offered  as  suggestions  which,  if  heeded,  will  enable  this  office  to 
achieve  the  best  results : 

1.  All  paragraphs  should  be  clearly  marked  on  copy,  thus  avoiding  vexatious  mis- 
prints due  to  overrunning  in  proof. 

2.  Objects,  photographs,  or  drawings  for  illustration  should  accompany  manu- 
script. Each  should  bear  the  name  of  the  publication  to  which  it  belongs,  together 
with  the  figure  or  plate  number,  and  necessary  titles  or  legends  for  the  same  should  be 
inserted  at  the  proper  place  in  copy.  A  complete  list  of  plates  and  figures  should 
always  accompany  the  paper. 

3.  When  a  work  is  made  up  of  several  parts,  or  papers,  a  carefully  prepared  sched- 
ule of  the  desired  arrangement  should  be  forwarded  with  the  manuscript. 

4.  Proper  names  and  technical  terms  should  be  plainly  and  carefully  written, 
using  CAPITAL  letters  if  necessary,  and  each  should  be  verified  before  the  copy  is 
sent  to  the  printer. 

5.  Details  of  capitalization  and  punctuation  may  be  safely  left  to  the  printers  and 
proofreaders.  It  is  part  of  their  profession;  they  make  a  study  of  the  subject,  and 
will  generally  meet  the  author's  taste. 

6.  Write  only  on  one  side  of  the  paper.  When  printed  matter  covering  more  than 
one  side  of  a  sheet  is  used  as  copy,  a  duplicate  should  be  furnished ;  otherwise  much 
trouble  is  caused  in  cutting. 

7.  When,  as  an  afterthought,  new  matter  making  more  than  a  line  is  inserted,  it 
should  be  written  on  a  separate  sheet  and  the  place  for  its  insertion  clearly  indicated. 

8.  Galley  proofs  will  be  furnished  when  desired.  It  is  important  that  all  correc- 
tions be  made  on  the  first  proofs ;  later  ones  should  be  used  only  for  purposes  of 
verification. 

9.  Corrections  in  stereotype  or  electrotype  plates  usually  do  more  harm  than  good. 
They  weaken  the  plate  and  render  new  errors  probable  through  damaged  letters. 

10.  Authors  and  compilers  are  requested  to  direct  those  handling  their  manuscript 
to  transmit  the  same  to  the  Printing  Office  in  flat  form — never  to  roll  it  if  it  can 
be  avoided. 

6 


RULES  GOVERNING  WORK  IN  THE  DOCUiMENT  DIVISIONS  OF 
THE  GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE. 

(Adopted  December  3, 1894.) 


ORTHOGRAPHY. 

1.  Follow  Webster's  International  Dictionary. 

2.  Observe  the  spelling  of  the  following  words: 

Arapahoe  backward  draft,  drafting,  etc.  employee 

Arapahoes  forward  manila  (city  audpro<l  act)  missflre 

Nav^o  toward  canyon       *  farther  (distance) 

Nav^joes  aftward  embed  further  (other  than    dis- 

npward  afterwards  waterway  tance) 

downward 

3.  Use  the  following  forms  of  words : 

O.  K.  quaHermaster  atorea  ' ' 

taggers  tin  one-fourth  (where  I  is  marked  "spell"  in  copy) 

feet,  B.  M.  Jones's  (poasessive) 

Anderson  6c  Co.'s  invoice  can  not 

5  by  (not  x)  10  inches  waterworks 

by  day  (not  day's)  labor  ^  waterway 

State  (not  State's)  prison  cattleman 

4.  Omit  the  dieresis  in  such  words  as  reexamine,  cooperation,  preemption,  zoology. 

5.  The  following  is  a  list  of  words  in  common  use  in  which  accented  letters  occur. 
Follow  it,  except  in  works  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey  and  United  States 
Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey,  in  which  no  accented  letters  are  permissible : 


attach^ 

debris 

eozoon 

papier  niAch6 

b6te  noir 

elite 

expM6 

proc68  verbal 

bla86 

en  arri6re 

facade 

f6te  champ^tre 

prot6g6 

Champs  Elv86e8 

en  Echelon 

r6gime 

charge  d'affaires 

en  deshabille 

gar(;on 

resume 

confrere 

en  r^gle 

materiel  (Fr.) 

rAle 

coup  d'etat 

entr6e 

m6l6e 

r61e  d'^qoipage 

coup  de  grAoe 

entrepot 

n6e 

GEOGRAPHIC  NAMES. 

1.  In  the  spelling  of  geographic  names  give  preference  as  follows:  Decisions  of  the 
United  States  Board  on  Geographic  Names,  United  States  Postal  Guide,  Lippincott's 
Gazetteer,  and  Rand,  McXally  &  Co.'s  Atlas,  in  the  order  named. 

2.  The  following  ar«i  the  general  rules  governing  the  decisions  of  the  Board  on 
Geographic  Names : 

The  possessive  apostrophe  is  dropped. 

The  final  "h"  is  dropped  from  names  ending  in  "  burgh'' :  Pittsburg,  not  Pittsburgh. 
Karnes  ending  in  "borough"  are  contracte<l  to  "boro" :  Boonslwiro,  not  Boonsborough. 
Names  are  not  compounded:  Alluwe,  not  Al-lu-we;  Hongkong,  not  Hong-Kong. 
"  C.  H."  is  omitted  as  part  of  the  names  of  county  seats:  Fairfax,  not  Fairfax  C.  H. 
Spell  Center,  not  Centre. 

Accented  letters  are  not  used,  except  in  rare  instances,  as  Cura9ao;  ]EU>anioii;  St.  Francois. 

7 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


1.  Follow  Postal-Guide  contractions  for  States  and  Territories  (except  Oregon,  for 
which  use  Oreg.)  after  names  of  forts,  barracks,  arseuals,  navy-yards,  naval  stations, 
post-of3Bci'8,  counties,  military  or  Indian  reservations,  and  Indian  agencies.  Note  the 
following  examples: 


Fort  Barrancas,  Fla. 
Vancouver  Barracks,  Wash. 
Rock  Island  Arsenal,  111. 
League  Island  Navy- Yard,  Pa. 
Key  West  Naval  Station,  Fla. 
Albany,  N.  T. 


Hudson  County,  N.  J. 

Pyramid  Lake  Reservation,  Nev. 

Pine  Rid"e  Agency,  S.  Dak. 

Springfield  Armory,  Mass. 

Fort  Hyer  Military  Reservation,  Va. 


POSTAL-GUIDE  CONTRACTIONS. 


Alabama Ala. 

Alaska  Territory Alaska 

Arizona  Territory Ariz. 

Arkansas Ark. 

California Cal. 

Colorado Colo. 

Connecticut Conn. 

Delaware Del. 

District  of  Columbia D.  C. 

Florida Fla. 

Georgia Ga. 

Idaho Idaho 

Illinois 111. 

Indiana Ind. 

Indian  Territory Ind.  T. 

Iowa Iowa 

Kansas Kans. 


Kentucky Ky. 

Louisiana La. 

Maine Me. 

Maryland Md. 

Massachusetts Mass. 

Michigan Mich. 

Minnesota Minn. 

Mississippi Miss. 

Missouri Mo. 

Montana Mont. 

Nebraska Nebr. 

Nevada Nev. 

New  Hampshire N.  H. 

New  Jersey N.  J. 

New  Mexico  Territory .  .N.  Mex. 

New  York N.  Y. 

North  Carolina N.  C. 


North  Dakota N.Dak. 

Ohio Ohio 

Oklahoma  Territory.  ..Okla. 

Oregon Oregon 

Pennsylvania Pa. 

Rhode  Island R.I. 

South  Carolina S.  C. 

South  Dakota S.  Dak. 

Tennessee Tenn. 

Texas  Tex. 

Utah  Territory Utah 

Vermont Vt. 

Virginia Va. 

Washington Wash. 

West  Virginia W.  Va. 

Wisconsin Wis. 

Wyoming Wyo. 


2.  Titles  of  courtesy  and  professional  titles  preceding  names  will  be  contracted  or 
spelled  according  to  the  following  list : 


Mr.                                           Rev. 

*  M.  (monsieur) 

*  Signorita 

Messrs.                                           (the  Reverend) 

"  MM.  (messieurs) 

*  Sen  or 

Mrs.                                         Right  Rev. 

*  Kme.  (madame) 

*  Senorita 

Dr.                                            Very  Rev. 

*  Mile,  (mademoiselle) 

*  Senora 

Professor  (with  surname)    Hon. 

*Mgr.  (monsignor) 

*Herr 

Prof,  (with  Christian           (the  Honorable) 

"  Sig.  (signor) 

name)                                   Right  Hon. 

*  Signora 

Note. — When  any  of  the  titles  marked  with  an  asterisk,  with  or  without  the  Christian  name,  pre- 
cedes "de,"  use  lower-case  "d;"  otherwise  use  capital  "D."  This  rule  applies  also  to  "du,"  "von," 
"  van,"  etc. 

3.  Military  and  official  titles  i)receding  names  will  be  spelled  out  in  text  when 
the  Christian  name  or  initial  is  not  used,  but  in  tabular  work  and  where  the  Chris- 
tian i:  ame  or  initial  is  used  the  annexed  list  will  be  the  guide : 


President 

Governor 

Supt. 

Bvt.  (brevet) 

Army  titles : 

6en. 

Lieut.  Gen. 

Maj.  Gen. 

Brig.  Gen. 

Adjt.  Gen. 

Surg.  Gen. 

Judge-Advocate-Gen 

Insp.  Gen. 

Com.  Gen. 


Army  titles : 
Q.M.Gen. 
P.M.  Gen. 
Col. 

Lieut.  Col. 
Maj. 
Surg. 
Chaplain 
Capt. 

Asst.  Surg. 
First  Lieut. 
Second  Lieut. 
Sergt.  Maj. 
Hosp.  Steward 


Army  titles : 

Com.  Sergt. 

Q.  M.  Sergt. 

Ord.  (ordnance)  Sergt 

Sergt. 

First  Sergt. 

Second  Sergt. 

Orderly-Sergt. 

Corpl. 

Private 

Musician 
Navy  titles: 

Admiral 

Vice- Admiral 


Navy  titles : 

Rear- Admiral 

Commodore 

Capt. 

Commander 

Lieut.  Commander 

Lieut. 

Lieut.  (Junior  Grade) 

Ensign 

Surg. 

P.  A.  Surg.,  etc. 

Asst.  Surg. 

Chief  Engineer 

Chaplain 


4.  Distinguishing  titles  and  college  degrees,  following  names,  will  always  be 
contracted,  as  jr.,  sr.,  esq.;  Ph.  D.,LL.  D.;  U.S.A.,  U.S.N.  (See  also  under  "Capi- 
talization.") 

Note.— The  contractions  "U.  S.  A."  and  "U.  S.  N.,"  for  United  States  Army  and  United  States  Navy 
will  be  used  when  so  written.    When  written  "U.  S.  Army"  or  "U.  S.  Navy,"  spell  in  full,  as— 
John  L.  Worden,  U.  S.  N.  N.  A.  Miles,  U.  S.  A. 

R.  W.  Meade,  United  States  Navy.  G.  G.  Crook,  United  States  Army. 


CAPITALIZATION.  V 

5.  In  parenthetic  references  to  books  use  "p."  and  "pp."  for  page  and  pages,  and 
"sec."  and  "sees."  for  section  and  sections. 

6.  "St."  will  be  used  for  Saint,  but  Fort  and  Mount  will  not  be  abbreviated. 

7.  Use  "etc."  instead  of  "&c."     Use  the  character  "&"  in  firm  names,  but  not  in 

titles  of  companies  having  geographic  or  commercial  words  as  part  of  the  corporate 

name,  nor  in  literary,  scientific,  artistic,  or  musical  companionships.     Examples: 

Smith  &  Brown.  Washinston  and  Norfolk  Steamboat  Company. 

George  W.  Johnson  &  Co.  Atlantic  ami  Pacitic  Telt-graph  Conipany. 

William  Greene  <fc  Bro.  Wa.shington  Flour  and  Feed  .Company. 

Wigton  Bro8.  &  Co.  Eastern  and  Western  Transportation  Company. 

Harlan  &  HoUingsworth  Company.  Gilbert  and  Sullivan. 

Brown  &  Jones  Mining  and  Milling  Company.  Cuvier  and  Valenciennes. 

Philadelphia  and  Reading  Railroad  Company.  Hay  and  Nicolay. 

8.  Comprehensive  examples  of  the  use  of  the  word  "Company"  and  its  contrac- 
tion "Co."  are  given  above.     (See  also  "Contractions"  under  "Tabular  work.") 

9.  Do  not  use  abbreviation  "U.  S."  except  in  connection  with  naval  and  other  vessels 
of  the  Government,  as  U.  S.  S.  Eearsarge,  U.  S.  gunboat  Katahdin,  U.  S.  monitor  Mian- 
tonomoh,  U.  S.  torpedo  boat  Ericsson,  U.  S.  light-house  tender  Maple,  etc. ;  but  the 
contraction  may  be  used  in  signature  and  address  lines  where  extreme  length  makes 
it  desirable. 

10.  Set  references  to  scriptural  texts  as  follows:  Genesis  xv,  24;  II  Samuel  viii, 
9-13 ;  St.  Matthew  vii,  5. 

11.  Streets  of  the  District  of  Columbia:  Fifth  street  NW. ;  Florida  avenue  NE. ; 
Four-and-a-half  street  SW. 

12.  Where  compass  directions  are  contracted,  use  the  forms  NE.,  NNW.,  etc. 

13.  Use  "  F."  for  Fahrenheit  and  "C."  for  centigrade  when  temperatures  are  given. 

14.  Use  "PI."  and  "Fig."  for  plate  and  figure  before  roman  numerals,  as  PI.  VI, 
Fig.  XII;  "pi."  and  "fig."  before  figures,  as  pi.  6,  fig.  12. 

15.  Use  "Rev.  Stat."  for  Revised  Statutes,  and  "Stat.  L."  for  Statutes  at  Large, 
in  citations. 

16.  Set  abbreviations  for  section,  township,  range,  etc.,  thus:  SE.  i  sec.  5,  T.  9 N., 
R.  2E. 

17.  Use  "loc.  cit."  for  loco  citato;  "op.  cit."  for  opere  citato;  "sp.  gr."  for  specific 
gravity,  and  "sp.  nov."  for  species  nova. 

18.  Where  the  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures  is  used,  follow  copy,  and 
where  contractions  occur  use  roman  lower-case  or  superior  letters,  according  to 
indicated  preference,  as  "cm.  or  •="',"  for  centimeter;  "mm.  or  ""•,"  for  millimeter; 
"c.  c.  or  <^'=,"  for  cubic  centimeter. 

19.  After  "per  cent"  and  "  viz"  omit  the  period. 

20.  References  to  Congressional  documents:  House  Ex.  Doc.  No.  6,  Forty-seventh 
Congress,  second  session ;  Senate  Mis.  Doc  No.  10,  Forty-sixth  Congress,  first  session. 

21.  Use  "f."  (vermg)  in  all  cases  except  "fol."  and  "fol.  lit." 

22.  The  symbol  ""■/„,"  used  in  connection  with  South  American  financial  state- 
ments, will  be  spelled  "national  money,"  in  parentheses,  immediately  following  the 
amount,  as  $146  (national  money);  Rs.  146  (national  money). 

23.  English  money  will  be  expressed  by  the  use  of  the  symbols  "£  "  "  s."  "  d."  when 
amounts  are  given,  as  £227  14s.  6d. 

(See  also  "Contractions"  under  "Tabular  work,"  "Supreme  Court  records," 
and  "Court  of  Claims  opinions,  briefs,  and  decisions.") 

CAPITALIZATION. 

1.  Use  caps  for  roman  numerals  designating  pages,  chapters,  articles,  or  plates. 

2.  Use  caps  for  college  degrees,  viz,  D.  D.,  Ph.  D.,  LL.  D.,  A.  M.,  B.  A.,  etc. 

3.  Use  lower-case  "r"  in  Sr.  and  Jr.,  and  "sq. "  in  Esq.  in  addresses  and  signa- 
tures.- 

4.  Capitalize,  both  singular  and  plural,  "department,"  "bureau,"  "survey," 
"corps,"  and  "service,"  when  referring  to  an  Executive  Department  or  important 


10  CAPITALIZATION. 

bureau,  of  the  United  States  Government;  "congress,"  referring  to  the  United 
States  Congress;  "house,"  referring  to  the  United  States  Senate  or  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives. 

5.  Capitalize,  singular  and  plural,  Senator,  Representative,  Delegate,  and  Member 
of  the  United  States  Congress  and  the  principal  officers  of  both  Houses.  Observe 
the  following : 

Architect  of  the  Capitol  Chaplain  >  Clerk 

President  Sergeant-at-Arms  Doorkeeper 

Secretary  Speaker 

6.  Capitalize  the  legislative  bodies,  with  their  sections,  of  Governments : 

Parliament  Rigsdag  Cortes 

House  of  Lords  Eeichsrath  Legislature  (Hawaii) 

House  of  Commons  National  Assembly  the  Right 

the  Lords  Corps  L^gislatif  the  Center 

the  Commons  Bundesratli  the  Left 

the  Reichstag  Skupshtina  States-General  (Holland) 

7.  The  words  "president,"  "king,"  "queen,"  "czar,"  "emperor,"  etc.,  when  used 
definitely  and  referriug  to  rulers  of  countries,  should  be  capitalized,  as  the  Presi- 
dent, the  Emperor,  the  Emperor  of  China,  the  Chinese  Emperor,  etc. 

8.  Capitalize  the  first  word  of  a  direct  quotation.  Example:  Solomon  says,  "  Pride 
goeth  before  destruction."  Do  not  capitalize  such  indirect  quotations  as  "a  wise 
man  says  that  pride  goeth  before  destruction." 

9.  Capitalize  the  first  word  of  such  indirect  quotations  as  the  following,  but  do 
not  quote : 

The  orator's  chief  thought  was,  How  shall  we  pay  the  debt? 

The  penitent's  cry  was,  What  shall  I  do  to  be  saved  ? 

The  subject  for  debate  was,  Which  is  the  greater,  the  pen  or  the  sword? 

10.  Capitalize  all  commissions  and  boards  authorized  by  act  of  Congress  when 
given  in  full,  singular  and  plural,  as  Fish  Commission,  Civil  Service  Commission, 
Mississippi  River  Commission,  District  of  Columbia  Board  of  Commissioners,  Light- 
House  Board,  etc.;  also  the  words  "commission,"  " commissioner,"  and  "board" 
where  standing  alone  and  referring  to  the  above. 

11.  Capitalize  all  words  denoting  the  Deity;  "Reformation"  (the),  "Revolution" 
(1776),  "Revolutionary  war,"  "French  Revolution." 

12.  Capitalize  the  words  "  army"  and  "navy"  only  when  they  mean  the  entire 
Army  and  Navy  of  the  United  States,  and  lower-case  when  used  as  adjectives. 
Examples : 

The  troops  were  supplied  with  army  saddles  and  blankets. 

The  army  before  Nashville  was  commanded  by  General  Thomas. 

He  spoke  for  the  Army  and  Navy,  as  well  as  the  Administration. 

Their  clothes  were  made  of  navy  cloth,  and  their  general  appearance  was  that  of  navy  officials. 

He  is  at  the  head  of  the  American  Navy  and  conversant  with  everything  pertaining  to  navy  affairs. 

13.  When  any  word  is  used  specifically  as  a  synonym  for  "  Government"  and  refers 
to  any  nation,  as  "crown,"  "  empire,"  "  kingdom,"  "  republic,"  "administration,"  or 
"  state,"  capitalize  it,  singular  or  plural.  When  indefinite  or  applied  to  dependen- 
cies, lower-case  it.    Examples: 

The  Government  of  the  United  States,  which  Government  is  the  best  of  Governments. 

President  Cleveland's  Administration  compared  favorably  with  preceding  Administrations. 

His  estates  were  forfeited  to  the  Crown,  and  his  jewels  were  used  to  adorn  the  King's  crown. 

Upon  the  fall  of  the  French  Empire,  the  Empire  of  Germany  was  proclaimed. 

France,  as  a  republic,  strengthened  the  Republics  of  the  world;  as  an  empire,  it  weakened  them. 

14.  Capitalize  "state,"  "territory,"  "district"  (applied  to  a  Federal  district,  as 
District  of  Alaska,  District  of  Columbia),  "canton"  (in  Switzerland),  "province" 
(in  Canada  and  Australia),  etc.,  both  singular  and  plural,  when  referring  to  admin- 
istrative divisions  of  any  country. 


CAPITALIZATION.  11 

15.  When  the  word  ''state"  is  used  in  contradistinction  to  "  church,"  lower-case 
it,  as  "A  union  of  church  and  state;"  also  "secretary  of  state  of  New  York,"  "state 
policy,"  "affairs  of  state," etc. 

16.  Capitalize  heads  of  Departments  and  Bureaus  (of  the  United  States  Government 
only),  hut  lower-case  division  and  section  officers. 

17.  Capitalize  names  of  political  parties :  Kepublicans,  Democrats,  Tories,  Home 
Rulers,  Populists,  People's  Party,  Prohibition  party.  Prohibitionists,  Farmers'  Alli- 
ance, Liberals,  etc. 

18.  Capitalize  names  of  societies:  Odd  Fellows,  B'nai  B'rith,  etc. 

19.  Capitalize  names  of  geological  ages,  eras,  and  periods : 


Ages: 

Eras : 

Periods : 

Archeean 

Triassic — 

Calciferous 

Paleozoic 

Lower 

Chazy 

Cenozoic 

Middle 

Corniferous 

Eras: 

Upper 

Subcarboniferous 

Lower  Silurian 

Khsetic 

Carboniferous 

Upper  Silurian 

Cretaceous — 

Permian 

Devonian 

Lower 

Eocene 

Carboniferous 

Tertiary 

Oligocene 

iCesozoic 

Quaternary 
Post-Tertiary 

Mio<;ene 

Jura-Trias 

Pliocene 

Jurassic — 

Azoic 

Glacial 

Lias 

Ezoic 

Kecent 

Oolite 

Cambrian 

Purbeck 

20.  Capitalize  all  desiguatious  in  connection  with  capital  letters  orroman  numerals, 
as  Title  XV,  Schedule  C,  Finding  VI,  Exhibit  K,  Statement  B,  Article  IV,  Art.  V, 
Chapter  IX,  Chap.  XI,  Volume  XX,  Vol.  X,  Section  VII,  Sec.  VI,  etc.;  but  lower- 
case when  used  with  figures,  as  chapter  10,  volume  5,  chap.  8,  vol.  2,  etc.  "Exhibit," 
"Appendix,"  and  "Table"  will  be  capitalized  in  all  cases  when  preceding  numerals 
or  figures. 

21.  Capitalize  the  principal  words  in  full  titles  of  books,  plays,  and  pictures,  but 
do  not  quote.  Also  short  titles  of  books,  when  in  the  singular,  as  Brown's  Gram- 
mar, Bancroft's  History,  Webster's  Dictionary,  etc.  When  referring  to  a  subject  in 
a  book,  quote,  but  capitalize  only  the  first  word. 

22.  Capitalize  "Presidential,"  "Congressional,"  "Senatorial,"  and  "Territorial," 
referring  to  the  President,  Congress,  S»'nate,  and  a  Territory  of  the  United  States. 

23.  Signature  and  address  names  will  be  set  in  caps  and  small  caps,  with  title  or 
direction  following  in  italics,  in  the  same  line  if  not  over  half  the  line  is  used  for  the 
purpose;  otherwise  hanging  two  ems  or  more.  Capitalize  principal  words  in  lines 
connected  with  signatures  and  addresses.  Make  signatures  and  addresses  compact, 
using  partially  filled  lines  where  the  contiguous  matter  is  open  enough  to  give  a 
signature  proper  prominence.  It  is  well  to  have  a  white  line  between  text  and 
signature,  but  this  is  not  imperative;  general  api)earance  must  govern.  Signa- 
tures are  placed  at  the  right  of  the  page,  indented  1,  3,  or  .5  ems  from  the  right,  as 
may  be  necessary ;  addresses  are  placed  to  the  left,  flush  if  at  the  top  of  a  jiaper, 
indented  one  em  if  at  the  bottom,  italic  lines  following  indented  as  much  as  necessary 
to  a  good  appearance.  Do  not  use  slugs  to  separate  dash  lines  from  signature  or 
address  lines  where  the  dash  will  bear  off  one  or  more  blank  lines  if  solid.  The  fol- 
lowing examples  cover  the  most  common  forms: 

the  Clerk  of  the  House  of  Kepresentatives  on  the  4th  day  of  December, 
A.  D.  1893. 

D  D  D Very  respectfully,  James  Kerr,  odd 

Cleric  of  the  House  of  Eepresentatives.o 
a  Hon.  Charles  F.  Ceisp, 
D  D  u  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Representatives. 


DDDl  am,  very  respectfully,  yours,  etc., 

John  Eandolph,ddd 
Assistant  Cleric  Court  of  Claims,  u 


12  CAPITALIZATION. 

disposed  of,  both  as  a  record  of  the  fact  and  as  a  limitation  of  the 
authority  conferred. 

DDD (Signed)  John  S.  Henderson, ddd 

Jno.  a.  Caldwell, 
Committee  on  the  part  of  the  House  of  Representatives,  a 

[Observe  lead.]  Wm.    F.  ViLAS, 

James  McMillan, 
Committee  on  the  part  of  the  Senate.^ 


bia,  on  account  of  the  sewer  debt  of  the  District  of  Columbia  to  the  United  States, 
DDD  Very  respectfully, 

A.  C.  Matthews,  D  D  D 
Comptroller. 
By  J.  R.  Garrison, 

Deputy  Comptroller. U 
D  John  Jay,  Washington,  D.  C. 


report,  which  has  been  received,  and  is  herewith  transmitted  with  my  concurrence. 
DDD  Respectfully,  yours, 

J.  G.  Carlisle,  Secretary. 
D  Hon.  George  D,  Wise,  . 

DDL!  Chairman  Committee  on  Interstate  and  Foreign  Commerce, 

House  of  Representatives. 


Brig,  Gen,  Thomas  L.  Casey, 

D  D  Chief  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

D  Dear  Sir  : 

of  Maryland,  this  28th  day  of  Maj',  A,  D.  1885, 

a[SEAL,]  T,    WaTKINS  LiGON.D 

□  By  the  governor : 

DDD  Nathaniel  Cox,  Secretary  of  State. 


the  day  and  year  first  above  written, 

J,  M,  Wilbur.  .  [seal,]C2 

Bartlett,  Robins  &  Co.D  [seal.]d 
D  In  presence  of — 
D  c  D  A,  T.  Brown, 
A,  B.  W,  Dew, 


□  D  D  I  am,  General,  very  respectfully,  your  most  obedient  servant, 

C.  G.  Sawtelle,  DDD 
Colonel  and  Chief  Quartermaster  Military  Division  of  the  Gulf. '2 
DMaj,  Gen,  M,  C.  Mkigs, 
DDD  Quartermaster-General  United  States  Army,  Washington,  D.  C. 


n  D  Dl  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

S.  P.  Langley,  Secretary. :2 

Note. — In  cases  like  the  two  preceding  observe  use  of  lead  between  text  line  and  signature. 


CAPITALIZATION.  1^ 

24.  Titles  preceding  names  will  always  be  capitalized:  Senior  Warden  Brown; 
Grand  Master  Williamson ;  Master  Workman  Sovereign;  Sergeant  Murphy ;  Private 
O'Donnell;  Boatswain  Given;  Tinsmith  Harris,  etc. 

25.  Lower-case  participles  derived  from  proper  names,  such  as  anglicized,  frenchi- 
fied,  romanized,  gallicized;  also  adjective  or  qualifying  nouns  indirectly  derived 
from  and  compounded  with  proper  names,  as  tropical,  arctic,  transatlantic,  etc. 

26.  Geographic  zones  or  sections  of  the  world,  when  used  as  proper  nouns,  take 
the  capital,  as  the  Tropics,  the  Arctics,  the  Levant,  the  Orient.  When  used  as 
adjectives,  use  lower  case,  as  antarctic  ice,  tropical  plants,  oriental  customs,  levan- 
tine  silk,  morocco  or  russia  leather,  china  or  wedgwood  pottery.  Such  words  as 
India  rubber,  India  ink,  paris  green,  london  purple,  prussian  blue,  Venetian  red, 
roman  type,  gothic  letter  (but  Gothic  architecture),  that  describe  things  and  are 
also  used  as  nouns,  do  not  take  the  capital,  although  they  are,  or  are  derived  from, 
proper  names. 

27.  Capitalize  titles  clearly  intended  as  synonyms  of  proper  names.     Examples : 

You  will  go,  Major,  to  Xew  York. 
I  am  anxious  about  our  friend,  the  Captain. 
Mr.  Speaker,  I  rise  to  a  point  of  order. 
I  am,  General,  yoar  obedient  servant. 

28.  Titles  not  clearly  used  as  synonyms,  or  when  used  in  a  general  way,  will  not  be 
capitalized.     Examples : 

He  was  taken  before  the  .judge. 
The  captain  was  breveted. 

29.  Where  the  word  "o'clock"  occurs  in  phrases  or  headlines  involving  the  use  of 
capitals,  always  set  it  '•o'clock;"  never  use  the  form  o'clock,  O'clock,  or  O'clock. 

30.  In  caps-and-small-caps  cross  headings,  or  headings  of  any  kind  in  which  cap- 
itals are  used,  capitalize  principal  words.  [Copy  preparers  will  take  full  respon- 
sibility for  uniformity  in  this  matter  and  mark  copy  plainly.] 

31.  In  tables  of  contents  which  are  set  in  small  caps  capitalize  only  the  first  word 
and  proper  names. 

32.  Capitalize  the  titles  of  standing  and  select  committees  of  the  Senate  and  House 

of  Rejwesentatives  of  the  United  States  and  the  different  forms  of  the  same,  both 

singular  and  plural,  as  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means ;  Ways  and  Means  Committees. 

The  following  list  gives  the  official  nomenclature  of  Congressional  committees,  with 

the  proper  capitalization : 

HOUSE. 

Committee  on —  Committee  on — 

Elections.  Private  Land  Claims. 

Ways  and  Means.  the  District  of  Columbia. 

Appropriations.  the  Kevision  of  the  Laws. 

the  Judiciary.  Reform  in  the  Civil  Service. 

Banking  and  Currency.  Election  of  President  and  Vice-President  and 

Coinage,  Weights,  and  Measures.  Representatives  in  Congress. 

Interstate'  ancl  Foreign  Commerce.  Alcouolic  Liquor  Traflic. 

Rivers  and  Harbors.  Irrigation  of  Arid  Lands. 

Merchant  Marine  and  Fisheries.  Immigrati<m  and  Naturalization. 

Agriculture.  Ventilation  and  Acoustics. 

Foreign  Affairs.  Expenditures  in  the  State  Dei>artment. 

Military  Afi'airs.  Expenditures  in  the  Trca-sury  Department. 

Naval  Affairs.  Expenditures  in  the  War  Department. 

the  Post-Office  and  Post-Roads.  Expenditures  in  tlie  Navy  Department. 

the  Public  Lands.  Expenditures  in  the  Post-OHice  Dei>artment. 

Indian  Affairs.  Expenditures  in  the  Interior  Department. 

the  Territories.  Expenditures  in  the  Department  of  Justice. 

Railways  and  Canals.  Expenditures  in  the  Department  of  Agricul- 

Manufactures.  ture. 

lllnes  and  Mining.  Expenditures  on  Public  Buildings. 

Public  Huildiiigs  and  Grounds.  Rules. 

the  Pacific  Railroads.  Accounts. 

Levees  and  Improvements  of  the  Mississippi  Mileage. 

River.  the  Liijrary  (also  Joint  Committee  on). 
Education.  Printing  (also  Joint  Committee  on). 
Labor.  Enrolled  Bills  (also  Joint  Committee  on), 
the  Militia.  Joint  Commission  of  Congress  to  Inquire  into  the 
Patents.  Status  of  Laws  Organizing  the  Executive  De- 
Invalid  Pensions.  partments- 

Pensions.  Joint  Commission  on  Disposition  of  Useless  Fa- 
Claims,  pers  in  Executive  Departments. 
War  Claims. 


14 


CAPITALIZATION. 


SENATE. 


Committee — 

on  Agriculture  and  Forestry. 

on  Appropriations. 

10  Audit  and  Control  the  Contingent  Ex- 
penses of  the  Senate. 

on  the  Census. 

on  Civil  Service  and  Retrenchment. 

on  Claims. 

on  Coast  Defenses. 

on  Commerce. 

on  the  District  of  Columbia. 

on  Education  and  Labor. 

on  Engrossed  Bills. 

on  Enrolled  Bills. 

on  Epidemic  Diseases. 

to  Examine  the  Several  Branches  of  the 
Civil  Service. 

on  Finance. 

on  Fisheries. 

on  Foreign  Relations.  '• 

on  Immigration. 

on  Improvement  of  the  Mississippi  River 
audits  Tributaries. 

on  Indian  Affairs. 

on  Indian  Depredations. 

on  Interstate  Commerce. 

on  Irrigation  and  Reclamation  of  Arid  Lands. 

on  the  Judiciary. 

on  the  Library. 

on  Manufactures. 

on  Military  Affairs. 

on  Mines  and  Mining. 

on  Naval  Affairs. 

on  Organization,  Conduct,  and  Expenditures 
of  the  Executive  Departments. 

on  Pacific  Railroads. 

on  Patents. 


Committee — 

on  Pensions. 

on  Post-Offices  and  Post-Roads. 

on  Printing. 

on  Private  Land  Claims. 

on  Privileges  and  Elections. 

on  Public  Buildings  and  Grounds. 

on  Public  Lands. 

on  Railroads. 

on  Relations  with  Canada. 

on  the  Revision  of  the  Laws  of  the  United 
States. 

on  Revolutionary  Claims. 

on  Rules. 

on  Territories. 

on  Transportation  Routes  to  the  Seaboard. 
Select  Committee — 

to  Investigate  the  Condition  of  the  Potomac 
River  Front  of  Washington. 

to  Inquire  into  all  Claims  of  Citizens  of  the 
United  States  against  the  Government  of 
Nicaragua. 

on  "Woman  Suffrage. 

on  Additional  Accommodations  for  the  Li- 
brary of  Congress. 

on  the  Five  Civilized  Tribes  of  Indians. 

on  Transportation  and  Sale  of  Meat  Prodi^cts. 

to  Establish  the  University  of  the  United 
States. 

on  the  Quadro-Centennial. 

to  Investigate  the  Geological  Survey. 

on  National  Banks. 

on  Forest  Reservations. 

on  Corporations  in  the  District  of  Columbia. 

to  Investigate  Trespassers  upon  Indian  Lands . 

on  Ford  Theater  Disaster. 


33.  Capitalize  "county,"  "township,"  and   "ward"  (singular  form  only),  when 
used  with  the  proper  name. 

34.  Capitalize  "river,"  "bay,"  "cape,"  "harbor,"  "mount,"  "island,"  etc.  (sin- 
gular form  only),  when  used  with  the  proper  name. 

35.  Capitalize  such  words  as  "building,"  "asylum,"  "bridge,"  "bank,"  "school," 
"hospital,"  etc.  (singular  form  only),  when  used  with  the  proper  name. 

36.  The  following  list  will  be  found  convenient  as  a  guide  to  capitalization : 


Absentee  Shawnees. 

Act,  Thurman,  Tucker,  etc. 

Acting  Secretary  of  the  Senate. 

Acting  Secretary  of  State,  etc. 

Administration  (National). 

Admiral. 

Admiralty  (British). 

Agency,  Chippewa,  etc. 

Agricultural  Report. 

Albany  Penitentiary. 

Appendix  IV. 

Appendix  A. 

Appointment  OflBce. 

Aqueduct,  Washington,  etc. 

Aqueduct  Bridge. 

Army  Gun  Factory. 

Army: 

General  of  the 

Lieutenant-General  of  the 

Major-General  Commanding  the 

Adjutant-General  ('s  Office) . 

Inspector-General  ('s  Office). 

Judge- Advocate-General. 

Quartermaster-General  ('s  Office). 

Commissary-General  of  Subsistence. 

Surgeon-General  ('s  Office). 

Paymaster-General  ('s  Office). 

Chief  of  Engineers. 

Chief  Signal  Officer. 

Chief  of  Ordnance. 

Regular  Army. 

Volunteer  Army. 
Army  Medical  Museum. 
army  officer,  nurse,  wagon,  etc. 
Architect  of  the  Capitol. 
Architect  of  the  Treasury  Department. 


Armory  (Springfield) . 

Arsenal,  Rock  Island,  etc. 

Articles  of  War. 

article  of  war,  sixty-second 

Artillery  Scliool  (United  States). 

assembly,  Pennsylvania 

Assistant  Attorney-General  (United  States) . 

Assistant  Commissioner   of  the    General  Land 

Office. 
Assistant  Commissioner  of  Patents. 
Assistant  Postmaster-General,  First,  Second,  etc. 
Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Interior,  etc. 
Associated  Press. 
Atlantic  Slope,  Coast,  and  Seaboard   (section  of 

country). 
Attorney-General. 
Auditor,  First,  Second,  etc. 
Auditor  of  Railroad  Accounts. 
Band,  Eastern,  etc.,  of  Cherokees. 
Bank,  Central,  etc. 
Bay,  Chesapeake,  etc. 
Bethlehem  Iron  Works. 
Bible  or  Scriptures. 
Black  Friday. 
Board  (when  definite). 
Board  of  Engineers. 
Board  of  General  Appraisers. 
Board  of  Ordnance  and  Fortification, 
board  of  public  works  (District  of  Columbia). 
Board  of  Underwriters  (New  York) . 
Board  of  Managers  of  the  Soldiers'  Home. 
Board  of  Trade  of  Philadelphia,  etc. 
Board  on  Geographic  Names. 
Book  of  Estimates. 
Botanist,  the  (Agr.  Dept.) 
Botanic  Garden. 


CAPITALIZATION. 


15 


Bowman  Act. 

Building,  Winder,  etc. 

buildings,  Winder  and  Logan 

building,  Treasury,  etc. 

Bureau  (when  definite). 

Bureau  of  Accounts  (and  all  other  bureaus  of  the 

Navy  Department). 
Cabinet,  the 
Calendar,  the 

Calendar  of  Bills  and  Resolutions. 
Calendar,  Private 
Capitol  Grounds. 
Capitol,  the 
Capitol  police. 
Carnegie  Steel  Works. 

Cavalry  and  Infantry  School  (United  States). 
Census  Bulletin  No.  420. 
Census,  Tenth,  Eleventh,  etc. 
central  Ohio. 

Chairman  (Committee  of  the  Whole). 
Chairman  of  the  Light-House  Board. 
Chamber  (of  House  or  Senate). 
Charles  II  of  England. 
Chemist,  the  (Agr.  Dept.) 
Cherokee  Strip  or  Outlet. 
Chief  of  the  Bureau  of,  etc. 
Chief  Clerk,  House  or  Senate. 
Chief  Intelligence  Officer. 
Chief  of  the  Record  and  Pension  Division. 
Chief  Justice  (of  United  States  Supreme  Court). 
Chief  Magistrate. 
Christian. 
Christianity. 
Christendom. 
Christianize. 

Church,  the  Methodist,  etc.  (denomination) 
Church,  .St.  Aloysius,  etc.  (congregation) 
church,  St.  Paul  s  (building) 
Circle,  Iowa,  etc.  (as  a  park) 
cisatlantic,  etc. 
City  of  Mexico. 

Civil  Service  Commission  (ers). 
Clerk  of  the  House. 
Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey. 
Code,  the  Mississippi 
College,  Columbia,  etc. 
Colonel  Commandant  (Marine  Corps). 
Commissioner  of  Patents,  etc. 
Conimis.sioniTs  of  District  of  Columbia. 
Coni])troller,  First,  Second,  etc. 
Comptroller  of  the  Currency, 
Conuxleratc  States. 
Consular  Bureau. 
Congressional. 
Congressional  Directory. 
Congressional  Library. 
Constitution  (United  States). 
Continent,  the  (P^urope) 
Contract  Office. 
Corps  of  Engineers. 
Corps  of  Jadge- Advocates. 
Council,  Choctaw 
County,  (Marion,  etc. 
Court  of  Claims. 
Court  of  Private  Land  Claims. 
Court  of  St.  James, 
court  of  appeals. 

Court  of  Conmiissioners  of  Alabama  Claims. 
Crown  (referring  to  Government). 
Dalles,  The 
Dam  No.  4. 

Day,  Thanksgiving,  Independence,  Memorial, etc. 
Dead-Letter  Office. 
Delegate  (in  Congress). 
Democrat. 

Department  of  Jnatice. 
Deputy  Second  Auditor,  etc. 
Diplomatic  Bureau. 
Director  of  the  Geological  Survey,  etc. 
district : 

First  assembly 

Fifth  Congressional 

Third  liglithouse 
District  of  Columbia  Jail. 
Dome  (of  Capitol). 
Dominion  of  Canada. 
Du  Pont  Powder  Works. 
Eastern  States,  the 


Eastern  Continent. 
Eastern  Hemisphere. 
ea.stem  New  York,  etc. 
Electoral  Commission. 
Engine  No.  6. 
Engineer  in  Chief. 
Engineer  Corps. 
Engineer  Department. 
Entomologist,  the  (Agr.  Dept.) 
Evangelical  Alliance. 
Executive,  the 
Executive  order. 
Executive  Departments. 

executive  department  (one  of  the  three  coordi- 
nate department!*  of  the  Government). 
Executive  Document  No.  95. 
Federal  Government. 
Fish  Commission  (er). 
Forty- seventh  Congress. 
Fourth  of  July. 
Freedman's  Savings  Bank. 
General  Government. 
Gentile. 

General  Assembly  (Presbyterian  Church). 
General  Superintendent  of  Life-Saving  Service. 
Geological  Survey, 
gospel, 
governor. 
Government : 

Imperial 

Koyal 

Federal 

General 

National 

British,  etc. 
Government  of  Great  Britain. 
Government  Hospital  for  the  Insane. 
Governor-General  (of  Canada). 
Grand  Army  post.    (But  Post  No.  63,  etc.) 
Great  Lakes. 

Gulf  Coast  (section  of  country), 
Gulf,  the  (Gulf  of  Mexico) 
Hague.  The 
Hall  (of  the  House). 
Hall,  Statuary  (of  Capitol) 
Harbor,  Boston,  etc. 
Headquarters  of  the  Army. 
Health  Bureau. 
Her  Majesty  the  Queen. 
His  Excellency  the  President. 
His  Excellency  Li  Hung  Chang, 
his  excellenej  the  governor. 
His  Royal  Highness  tlie  Prince  of  Wales. 
Home  and  Brancli  (singular  or  plnral,  referring 

to  Soldiers'  Home). 
Hospital.  Providence,  etc. 
Hotel,  Metropolitan,  etc. 
House  Calendar. 

House  Executive  Document  No.  12. 
House,  Ebbitt,  etc. 
Howard  University. 
Hydrograj)liic  Office, 
imperial  edict, 
inuia  rubber. 
Isthmus,  the  (of  Panama) 
Journal  Clerk. 

Journal  of  the  Honse  (or  Senate). 
Lafayette,  General 
la  Fayette,  Marquis  de 
Lafayette  County. 
Lakes  Erie  and  Huron, 
legislature,  Connecticut,  etc. 
Lake  Michigan. 
Librarian  of  Congress. 
Library  of  Congress. 
Life-Saving  Service. 
Light-House  Board, 
light-house  district.  Fourth,  etc. 
Line,  Cunard,  etc. 
london  purple. 
Long  Bridge, 
lower  House  of  Congress. 
Lower  Mississippi. 
Mall,  the 
Marine  Corps. 
Marine-Hospital  Service. 
Medical  Corps. 
Medical  Department  (Army  or  Kayy). 


16 


CAPITALIZATION. 


Members  and  Delegates. 

Merino  (sheep). 

merino  (goods,  wool,  etc.). 

Metropolitan  police. 

Microscopist,  the  (Agr.  Dept.) 

middle  Tennessee. 

Military  Academy  (United  States). 

Mikado. 

Miscellaneous  Document  No.  2. 

Mississippi  Delta. 

Mississippi  Kiver : 

Pass 

Passes 

Head  of  Passes 
Money-Order  Office  (of  P.  O.  Dept.). 
Monument  Lot. 
Mormon. 

Nation,  Choctaw,  etc. 
National  Board  of  Health. 
National  Cemetery,  Arlington,  etc. 
national  cemetery  at  Arlington.  "^ 

National  Guard. 
National  Legislature. 
National  Government. 

National  Home  for  Disabled  Volunteer  Soldiers. 
National  Medical  Museum. 
National  Park,  Yellowstone,  etc. 
national  park  in  California. 
Naval  Academy. 
Naval  Asylum." 

Naval  Militia  (the  entire  body) . 
Naval  Observatory. 
Naval  Reserves. 
Navy,  the 

Navy -Yard,  New  York,  etc. 
Netherlands,  the 
New  World. 
New  York  City. 
North,  the 
North  Pole, 
northern  Illinois. 
Northwest,  the 

Office  of  Experiment  Stations. 
Office  of  Steamboat  Inspection. 
Old  World. 

One  hundred  and  twenty-flfth  street. 
Order  of  Business  No.  56. 
Ordnance  Department. 
Pacific  coast  (the  sea  line). 
Pacific  Slope,  Coast,   and  Seaboard  (section  of 

country), 
paris  green. 
Parish,  Caddo 
Park,  Jackson,  etc. 
Pay  Corps. 
Pay  Department. 
Penitentiary,  Albany,  etc. 
Pension  Bureau. 
Pension  Office. 
People's  Party, 
plaster  of  paris. 
Populist. 
Postal  Union. 
Postmaster-General. 
Post- Office  appropriation  bill. 
Presidential. 
Prince  of  Monaco. 
Prussian  blue. 
Public  Land  Strip. 
Public  Printer. 
Quartermaster's  Department. 
Railway  Mail  Service. 
Record  and  Pension  Office  (or  Division). 
Reform  School  of  District  of  Columbia. 
Reform  School,  Girls' 
Reformatory,  Elmira,  etc. 
Regents  of  the  Smithsonian  Institution. 
Register  of  the  Treasury. 
Regular  Army. 
Regular  Navy. 
Reporter  of  the  Senate. 
Republican. 
Reservation,  Sioux,  etc. 
Revenue-Cutter  Service. 
Revenue-Marine  Service. 
Revolutionary  war. 
Revised  Statutes. 


River,  Ohio,  etc. 

Rotunda  (of  Capitol). 

royal  command. 

Rule  XXI. 

Rules  and  Articles  of  War. 

Schedule  B. 

schedule  6. 

School,  Peabody,  etc. 

schools,  Peabody  and  Brent 

Scriptures  (the  Bible). 

Secretary  of  State,  etc.  (United  States). 

Senate  (jhamber. 

Sergeant-at-Arms. 

Signal  Corps. 

Signal  Office. 

Signal  Service. 

Six  Companies  (Chinese). 

Smithsonian  Institution. 

Solicitor-General. 

Solicitor  of  Internal  Revenue. 

Solicitor  of  the  Treasury. 

Solicitor  for  the  Department  of  State. 

Sound,  the  (referring  to  Long  Island  or  Puget 

Sound) 
South,  the 

Southern  States,  the 
southern  Illinois. 
Southwest,  the 

Square,  Madison,  etc.  (as  a  park) 
square,  Lafayette,  etc.  (as  a  street) 
star  route. 

Stars  and  Stripes.  ' 

Statistician,  the  (Agr.  Dept.) 
Statistical  Abstra(!t. 
Statutes  at  Large. 
Straits  of  Magellan,  etc. 
Streets,  etc. : 

New  York  avenue. 

First  street  (northeast,  etc.). 

Jackson  alley. 

Phillips  court. 

Mount  Vernon  place  (as  a  street). 

Iowa  circle  (as  a  street) . 

Pudding  lane. 

Bennings  road. 

Lafayette  square  (as  a  street). 
Subsistence  Department. 
Superintendent  of  the  Census. 
Superintendent  of  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey, 
Superintendent  of  Foreign  Mails. 
Superintendent  of  Immigration. 
Superintendent  of  the  Money-Order  System. 
Superintendent  of  the  Nautical  Almanac. 
Superintendent  of  the  Naval  Observatory. 
Supervising  Architect's  Office. 
Supervising  Architect  of  the  Treasury. 
Supervising  Inspector-General  of  Steam  Vessels. 
Supervising    Surgeon  -  General    United    States 

Marine-Hospitar  Service. 
Supplement  to  Revised  Statutes. 
Supreme  Bench. 
Supreme  Court  (United  States), 
supreme  court  (District    of  Columbia  or  of  a 

State) . 
surveyor-general. 
Survey,  Geological,  etc. 
Territorial  assembly. 
Territorial  legislature, 
transmississippi. 
transatlantic. 

Treasurer  of  the  United  States. 
'Treasury  building. 
Treasury  Cattle  (Jommission. 
Treasury  (National). 
United  Press. 
Upper  Mississippi - 
Valley,  Mississippi,  etc. 
Vice-President  (of  United  States). 
Vice- Admiral, 
war,  Mexican 
war  of  the  rebellion. 
Washington  Aqueduct. 
Washington's  Headquarters. 
Western  Continent. 
Western  Hemisphere. 
White  Lot. 


COMPOUNDING. 


17 


COMPOUNDI^NG. 


1.  In  compounding  words  the  International  Dictiou;ir\'  will  be  followed,  with  but 
few  exceptions. 

2.  The  following  words  are  so  common  in  the  work  of  this  office  that  the  usage  of 
many  years  will  be  continued : 


post-office 

court-house 

custom-house 

light-house 

navy-yartl 

atto'ruey-general,  etc. 


consul-general 
vice-consul 

lieutenant-general,  etc. 
ser gcau  t  -m  a j  or 
qiiarteriua-ster-sergeant,  etc. 
color-corporal 


lieutenant-commaiider 

rear  admiral 

flag-officer 

.juttge-advocate-general 

provost-marshal 

provost-uiarshal-genend 


3.  Make  one  word  of  horsepower,  candlepower,  and  hundredweight,  and  use  adjec- 
tively  as  laid  down  in  the  succeeding  paragraph. 

4.  Comjiound  adjectives  take  the  hyphen :  A  2-foot  rule,  lO-horsepower  engine, 
16-candlepower  light,  6-hundredweight  load,  many  colored  coat,  light-armed  soldier, 
asked-for  opinion,  fine-grained  woo<l,  light-green  color,  etc. 

5.  Compound  the  following : 


mid-channel 

double-loader 

single-loa^ler 

pleuropneumonia 

national-bank  notes 

re-treat  (to  treat  again) 

ante-mortem 


micro-organism 
micro-millimeter 
micro-photograph 
acre-foot  (jilural  acre- feet) 
foot-acre  (plural  foot-acres) 
pound-foot  (plural  pound-feet) 
]K>st-mortem 


foot-pound  (]dural  foot-jmunds) 
foot-poundal(pluraUVK)t-poundal8) 
foot-second  (plunil  foot  seconds) 
secoml-foot  (plural  second-feet) 
foot-ton  (plural  foot-tons) 
{lound-degree  (plural  pound-degrees) 


6.  Follow  componnding,  etc.,  in  the  appended  list  of  fishes  and  fishery  appliances: 


ale  wife 

amber-fish 

angel-fish 

bag  seine 

bass  net 

bellows-tisli 

black  bass 

black-cod 

blackflsh 

black  perch 

blue  crab 

blneflsh 

boat  fishermen 

boat-steerer 

bomb-gun 

bottom-feeding  fish 

bowhead  whale 

boxfish 

brook  trout 

bufialo-flsh 

bullhead 

bull's-eye  mackerel 

buoy  line 

butter-fish 

candle-fish 

catboat 

catfish 

(•igar-flsh 

coast  line 

codfish 

codfish  fishery 

cod  fishery 

cod  fishing 

cod  Hue 

crampfish 

crawfish 

crayfish 

crayfish  pot 

cultus-cod 

cutting-in  (of  a  whale) 

dateflsh 

dealflsh 

devil-fish 

dingey 

doctor-fish 

dogfish 

dollar-fish 

drag  net 

drap  seine 

drift  net 

drumfish 

8892— s— 


fat-head 

fiddler-crab 

finback  whale 

fish -culture 

fish  eggs 

fisliing-canip 

fishing-ground 

fishing-place 

fish  roe 

fish-wheel 

flake-yard 

flatfish 

flying-fish 

food-fish 

frost  fish 

garfish 

gill  net 

gill-net  fishing 

goldfish 

goosefish 

green  crab 

greenfish 

ground  line 

ha^'fish 

hair  stMil 

hanil  lance 

harbor  porjioi.se 

harpoon  gun 

hermit-crab 

hickory -jack 

hogfisli 

hoop  net 

horsefish 

horse-mackerel 

horseshoe-crab 

houndfish 

humpback  whale 

jackhsh 

Jelly-fish 

jewlish 

Jonah-crab 

kelp-crab 

kelpfish 

kiugrtsh 

lady-crab 

lady -fish 

Ian  i- crab 

landlocke<l  salmon 

live-car 

lobster  not 

lumpfish 

-2 


mollusk 

monkfish 

moonfish 

niossbunker 

mud-crab 

mudfish 

muskcllunge 

mussel-crab 

mutt4in-tish 

nigger-fish 

nurselish 

oyster  bed 

oyster-crab 

paddle-fish 

panfi.^h 

jiarrot-fish 

peacock-fish 

itighsh 

pilot-fish 

pipefish 

purse  seine 

raffish 

red  crab 

red  eve 

redflsh 

red  groyper 

red -horse 

red  perch 

red  snapiier 

r(K-k-ba8s 

rock  cod 

rock-crab 

rockfish 

rock  lobster 

rose-fish 

roun<i-fish 

rowboat 

rudder-fish 

salmon  canning 

salmon-canning  industry 

salmon  trout 

sand-crab 

sawfish  *■. 

scallop 

sea  bass 

sea-cucnmber 

sea-horse 

seal  oil 

seal  skin 

sea  moss 

sea  mullet 


sea-urchin 

seaweed 

seine-haul 

seine-reach 

set  net 

sheat-fish 

sheepshcad 

shellfish 

shore-crab 

skipjack 

smelt  net 

snake-fish 

snapping  mackerel 

soft  crab 

Spanish  mackerel 

speartish 

sjiider-crab 

squfteague 

squirrel-fish 

starfish 

st«elhead 

stingray 

stone-crab 

stripol  bass 

sulphur-bottom  whale 

suntish 

swordfish 

tautog 

threadfish 

tilefish 

toadfish 

tomcoil 

trammel  net 

trawl  basket 

trawling-ground 

treefish 

trigger-fish 

trum]iet-fish 

trying-out  (of  a  whale) 

trv- works 

tu\)fish 

weakfish 

whaleboat 

whalelnme 

whale  line 

whistling  buoy 

whiteflsh 

wolf-fish 

yellow-tail 


18  USE    OF    FIGURES. 

7.  Fractions,  when  spoiled,  will  be  compounded:  One  twenty-first,  one-fifth, 
eighty-one  one-hundredths,  one  one-hnndredth,  the  one-hundredth  part. 

8.  The  words  "well,"  "so,"  and  "ill"  will  be  used  as  follows:  He  is  an  ill-tem- 
pered man;  he  is  very  ill  tempered.  Well-meant  intentions;  his  intentions  are  well 
meant.  His  so-called  poem;  his  poem  (so  called)  is,  etc.  But  generally  adverbs  are 
not  compounded  with  adjectives  which  they  qualify:  A  divinely  inspired  book ;  a 
finely  modeled  statue;  a  nicely  kept  lawn. 

USE  OF  FIGURES. 

1.  Where  figures  are  used  to  express  the  time  of  day,  use  the  period  to  separate 
the  hours  and  minutes:  It  was  5.30  p.  m. ;  10.02  a.  m. 

2.  Use  degree  and  minute  marks  after  figures  in  all  cases  referring  to  degrees  and 
minutes,  and  where  whole  numbers  and  decimals  are  used  place  the  marks  after  the 
decimals,  as  14.25° ;  13.5' ;  24.36". 

3.  In  straight  matter  and  reading  columns  of  tables,  where  decimal  fractions  occur 
without  a  unit,  put  a  cipher  in  the  unit's  place:  0.38;  but  a  .38-caliber  revolver. 

4.  Omit  the  comma  in  serial  numbers:  No.  165473;  section  2436. 

5.  Use  inferior  figures  in  all  chemical  symbols,  and  omit  spaces  between  the  letters 
and  signs. 

6.  Use  superior  figures  in  connection  with  reference  letters,  as  A',  A^,  a',  a^. 

7.  It  is  impossible  to  give  definite  rules  that  will  govern  in  all  cases  as  to  what 
should  go  in  figures  and  what  should  be  spelled  out.  It  is  a  question  which  must 
be  left  to  the  judgment  of  the  workman.  General  rules  which  will  serve  as  a  guide 
to  the  tendency  of  the  style  follow : 

Put  in  figures — 

Distances:  50  miles;  17  yards;  8  leagues. 

Clock  time :  10.25  p.  m. ;  12  o'clock  and  30  minutes ;  half  pabt  9. 

Weights:  12  pounds  of  beef;  4  hundredweight  of  stone ;  8  centals  of  wheat;  2  grams  of  powder. 

Measures:  40  bushels  of  wheat;  1  gallon  of  wine ;  15  knots;  6  acres;  9  hectares. 

Degrees,  etc.:  17°  24' 17";  10°  below  zero ;  in  longitude  46°  west  (but  tenth  meridian  of  longitude, 

sixth  degree  of  latitude,  etc.). 
Dimensions :  16  feet  square;  24  by  (not  x)  12  feet;  2  by  6  inch  plank;  4  kilometers  square. 
Percentage:  15  per  cent;  27.4  per  cent;  butone-half  of  1  per  cent,  etc. 
Money:  $2  per  100  pounds ;  $1 .37J  per  bale ;  35  cents  apiece ;  a  25-centpiece;  20  francs. 
Age:  My  age  is  52  years  and  6  months;  a  boy  6  years  old;  3year-old  colt;  3-montlis-old  child;  wine 

8  years  old  (but  a  boy  about  six  years  old;   wine  four  or  Ave  years  old— where  indefinite  and 
isolated,  spell  out) . 

Population:  The  population  of  Chicago  is  1,000,000,  of  whom  150,000  are  voters ;  a  hamlet  of  18  persons. 

(But  see  paragraphs  9  and  10  under  "  Spell  out.") 
Bonds  or  stocks :  Gold  is  109;  Metropolitan  Eailroad,  109;  5-20  bonds;  10-40  bonds;  7.30  bonds;  3.65 

bonds:  4i  percent  bonds;  3  per  cent  bonds ;  3Jpercents;  4  percents.    Wliere  the  word  " bonds  " 

does  not  follow  the  designating  expression,  spell  out,  as  five-twenties,  ten-forties,  three-sixty-flves, 

four-and-a-halfs,  threes,  etc. 
Votes,  ballots,  etc.:  75  votes;  50  ballots;  300  voters;  167  Democrats;  14  majority. 
Definite  enumerations  (when  of  a  statistical  character) :  275  persons,  6  sleek  horses,  20  head  of  sheep, 

9  dusty  travelers;  43  reports,  covering  109  pages.     (But  see  paragraph  9  under  "Spell  out.") 
Dates:  June  29,  A.  D.  1882;  December  6,1846;  the  Ist  of  January.  1883;  June  12;  the  5th  instant;  the 

20th  day  of  March;  the  1st  (day)  of  the  mouth.    July  4, 1776,  wa.-,  the  great  day  which  g.ive  to  the 
world  the  celebrated  Declaration  of  Independence,  and  now  our  Fourth  of  July  is  something  to  be 
remembered  by  all  patriotic  Americans;  4th  of  July  claims. 
Serial  numbers:  Section  3;  lHo.  1728;  paragraph  247;  page  125;  volume  6  (or  Volume  VI,  as  written) ; 
1536  Ninth  street;  Route  No.  17342;  clerk  of  class  3. 

Spell  out — 

1.  Length  of  time :  It  lasted  fifteen  years;  we  were  three  days  on  the  way;  four 
hours  and  ten  minutes. 

2.  Amounts  or  numbers  larger  than  1,000,  if  spelled,  are  expressed  thus :  One 
thousand  eight  hundred  and  fifty  dollars ;  A.  D.  eighteen  hundred  and  fifty ;  number 


TABULAR   WORK.  19 

serenteen  hundred  and  twenty-two.  But  in  serial  numbers,  where  even  multiples 
of  one  thousand  occur,  use  the  word  '^thousand,"  as  section  two  thousand  and  four 
(not  twentj-  hundred  and  four) ;  paragraph  seven  thousand  and  sixty-nine. 

3.  When  beginning  a  sentence:  Five  million  dollars'  worth;  in  other  ceases, 
$5,000,000  worth. 

4.  All  amounts  beginning  sentences  or  paragraphs,  except  when,  in  testimony,  an 
answer  begins  with  a  serial  or  complex  number,  in  which  case  use  figures.    Examples : 

Q.  In  what  year  was  that  ?- A.  1876. 

Q.  What  was  the  amount  involved?— A.  $101.50. 

Q.  How  mach  was  the  sum?— A.  Five  (or  fifteen,  or  sixty-seven)  dollars. 

5.  Numbered  streets  of  all  cities,  except  in  tabular  matter. 

6.  Regimental  numbers  of  United  States  Regular  or  Volunteer  Army,  as  Eighth 
Infantry,  One  hundred  and  ninth  Ohio  Regiment,  Third  Massachusetts  Cavalry. 

7.  Sums  of  money,  when  they  are  referred  to  in  a  general  way,  as  "  four  or  five 
millions,"  or  "  I  would  not  contribute  one  dollar  to  such  a  purpose."  [This  is  not 
to  be  construed  as  meaning  round  numbers,  but  simply  a  general  or  indefinite  state- 
ment.] 

8.  Isolated  fractions  not  connected  with  whole  numbers,  as  one-fourth,  three- 
tenths. 

9.  Isolated  enumerations  less  than  10:  "I  saw  three  men  at  work."  "There  were 
four  horses  in  the  field." 

10.  Number  of  persons,  when  not  in  statistical  matter  or  when  general  or  indefinite : 
"There  were  thirty  or  forty  persons  in  the  town." 

11.  When  numbers  are  mentioned  casually,  or  by  way  of  illustration,  or  in  con- 
nection with  serious  and  dignified  subjects,  they  should  be  spelled  out: 

In  nine  hundred  and  ninety-nine  cases  out  of  every  thousand. 

It  is  now  five  years  since  I  first  took  my  stand  in  opposition  to  this  measure,  and  if  my  stay  among 
yon  should  be  extended  to  twenty  years  instead  of  five,  I  shall  still  be  found  opposing  it  with  the  same 
earnestness  as  at  first. 

Millions  for  defense,  but  not  one  cent  for  tribute. 

The  twelve  Apostles. 

The  three  Graces. 

The  nine  Muses. 

The  seven  wise  men  of  Greece. 

For  twelve  years  he  struggled  manfully  and  the  thirteenth  year  crowned  his  eflbrts  with  success. 

Congress  has  now  been  in  session  two  months  and  three  weeks,  lacking  two  days. 

It  is  twenty-four  years  since  the  rebellion  turned  the  two  sections  of  our  country  into  two  armed 
bodies  composed  of  two  or  thrt-e  million  men. 

It  is  the  twelfth  hour  which  is  dreaded  most  at  night  by  saperstitions  mortals. 

At  eleven  and  a  half  o'clock. 

In  the  thirtieth  degree  of  latitude  the  thermometer  reached  the  fifth  degree  abtivo  zero. 

12.  "WTieu  a  paper  is  divided  into  clauses  numbered  "1,  2, 3,"  etc.,  in  the  copy,  pnt 
in  figures;  but  if  written  "  Ist,  2d,  3d,"  etc.,  spell  out. 

TABULAR  WORK. 

Box  heads. — Box  heads  should  be  run  across  whenever  practicable;  if  it  is  neces- 
sary to  run  them  np,  reduce  to  the  minimum  depth. 

In  boxes  of  two  or  more  lines  which  run  across,  or  where  two  or  more  boxes  occur 
in  the  same  head,  use  en  quads  above  and  below  the  greater  number  of  lines. 

In  boxes  of  three  lines  or  more  in  depth  and  10  ems  or  more  in  width  over  reading 
columns  or  over  several  figure  columns,  and  in  all  run-up  heads  of  three  lines  or 
more,  make  hanging  indention;  otherwise  center  each  line. 

In  boxes  containing  two  lines  the  first  line  must  be  the  longer  when  possible. 

Contractions. — In  columns  of  names  of  persons,  follow  copy  in  the  use  of  contrac- 
tions of  given  names;  but  to  avoid  overruns  always  contract  such  names  as  William 
and  Charles.     Use  "  Co."  for  "Company"  where  the  name  of  the  company  is  given ; 


September Sept. 

October Oct. 

November Nov. 

December Dec. 


20  TABULAR    WORK. 

use  "R.  R."  for  railroad  and  "Rwy."  for  railway  where  the  name  of  the  railroad  or 
railway  is  given,  and  nse  iiro.  and  Bros,  in  firm  names.  Contract  names  of  months 
whenever  the  day  of  the  month  is  given,  excepting  in  first  columns  consisting  of 
dates  only,  which  may,  however,  be  contracted  to  save  overruns.  All  other  well- 
known  contractions  can  be  used,  by  direction  of  copy  preparer,  to  save  overruns. 
The  following  contractions  for  mouths  of  the  year  will  be  used : 

Jamiary Jan.     May May 

February Feb.  :  Juue June 

March Mar.  j  July J«ly 

April Apr.  |  August Aug. 

Use  of  "dittoes." — Ditto  whenever  it  can  properly  be  done,  and  ditto  under  blank 
spaces  in  all  cases  excepting  center  heads,  but  never  ditto  under  leaders. 

In  columns  less  than  6  ems  in  width  use  1^  emu  of  quads  (in  addition  to  en  quad 
used  for  bearing  off)  or  2  ems  of  leaders,  as  may  be  re(iuired,  before  the  "do.";  in 
columns  of  6  ems  and  over,  use  2  ems  of  quads  (in  addition  to  en  quad  used  for  bear- 
ing off)  or  2^  ems  of  leaders. 

In  first  columns,  where  flush  headings  are  used  with  indentions  under  them,  pro- 
portionate allowance  must  be  made  for  those  indentions,  and  it  will  generally  be 
indicated  by  the  copy  preparer. 

Date  columns. — In  7-em  date  columns,  bear  off'  3-em  space  from  rules,  use  only  en 
commas  after  day  of  mouth,  and  put  the  remaining  space  between  month  and  day. 
Observe  same  style  in  5-em  date  columns,  with  the  excejition  of  using  en  quads 
instead  of  3-em  spaces  in  bearing  off  from  rules. 

Ditto  in  both  5  and  7  em  columns. 

Leading  from  top  or  bottom  lines. — Where  there  is  only  one  reading  column,  lead 
from  the  bottom;  if  more  than  one,  from  the  top. 

Date  columns  are  not  classified  as  reading  columns  in  connection  with  leading  from 
top  line. 

In  parallel  tables,  where  the  lines  are  numbered  on  the  outside  of  each  page,  lead 
from  the  top. 

Where  the  last  word  in  a  leader  line  runs  close  to  the  rule,  use  en  leader  if  space 
permits;  if  not,  use  a  thin  space,  but  never  use  a  full  i)oiut,  excepting  where  a  refer- 
ence mark  follows  an  abbreviation. 

Unless  specially  directed  otherwise,  continue  leaders  across  entire  width  of  tables 
when  the  right-hand  columns  are  of  figures;  when  the  last  column  is  a  reading 
column,  omit  the  leaders  from  that  column  only. 

Figures  in  reading  columns. — Niimerical  expressions  in  reading  columns  will  be 
expressed  in  figures,  even  at  the  beginning  of  the  sentence:  155  days  from  Dec.  1; 
trains  3  times  a  day. 

Figures  from  or  against  rules. — In  figure  columns  bear  off  an  en  quad  from  rules  on 
right  of  figures;  and  so  make  the  cast  as  to  bear  off'  tlie  longest  line  of  figures  an  en 
quad  from  the  rule  on  the  left  where  possible.  If  crowded,  and  but  few  figures  will 
touch,  close  up  on  the  left;  if  still  more  crowded,  close  up  on  the  right.  If  found 
necessary  to  set  the  figures  in  one  column  against  the  rule  on  the  right  (which,  by 
the  way,  must  always  be  done  before  closing  up  on  the  left  when  the  mass  of  figures  is 
of  nearly  even  width),  do  the  same  with  the  remaining  columns  of  the  table.  Excep- 
tions will  be  marked  by  copy  preparer. 

Conuuon  fractions  to  be  set  against  rules  unless  otherwise  indicated. 

Decimals. — In  columns  of  figures  containing  decimals  omit  the  point  and  ciphers 
where  no  decimal  occurs.  This  rule  does  not  apply  to  money  columns  consisting  of 
both  dollars  and  cents,  where  the  points  and  ciphers  will  be  used.  Always  align 
the  decimal  points. 

Dollar  mark. — Repeat  dollar  mark  under  rules  in  continuous  tables ;  also  in  leader 
work  where  center  heads  occur  indicating  a  separate  or  independent  statement.  But 
in  statements  where  amounts  are  added  to  make  a  general  aggregate  do  not  repeat 
the  dollar  mark,  even  where  center  beads  occur. 


TABULAR    WORK. 


21 


Parallel  dashes. — Use  parallel  dashes  in  figure  columns  in  all  cases  where  necessary 
to  cut  off  from  figures  following.     This  rule  will  apply  also  to  leader  work. 

Tables  in  rules. — In  tables  inclosed  in  rules,  where  the  first  column  consists  of  fig- 
ures, do  not  use  leaders.  [This  rule  will  not  apj)ly  to  date  columns  or  to  reading 
columns  clearly  requiriug  leaders.]     Bear  oft'  matter  one  em  from  side  rules. 

Full  point  in  leader  lines. — Use  full  point  between  abbreviation  and  reference  mark 
in  leader  lines,  as  Koston,  Mass,  t 

Blanks  for  center  heads. — Use  full  blank  line  above  and  below  all  center  heads  in 
stubs  or  reading  columns,  excepting  where  leaders  run  back  far  enough  to  clear  the 
head,  in  which  case  use  only  a  line  of  en  quads  below. 

Plus  and  minus  marks. — Plus  and  minus  marks  in  figure  columns  must  be  aligned 
when  occurring  at  left  of  figures. 

Dates  and  figures  in  reading  columns. — Do  not  range  dates  or  figures  in  first  or  read- 
ing columns  unless  fignres  are  added  up  to  make  a  total.  This  rule  will  apply  also 
to  leader  work. 

En-quadded  tables. — Use  en  quads  in  runovers  [copy  pr6]>arers  will  give  instructions 
when  change  is  desired] ;  scabbard  will  not  be  allowed;  all  box  heads  solid. 

Reference  marks. — Set  oft"  all  reference  marks  a  .5-em  space  when  preceding  words 
or  tigiires.  Use  sui)erior  figures  (',  -,  ',  etc.)  for  reference  marks  and  footnotes  in  all 
coses,  unless  otherwise  instructed.  In  a  series  of  short  footnotes  range  the  reference 
marks,  and  also  Mie  first  letter  of  the  note. 

Words  in  figure  columns. — Kange  all  words  occurring  in  figure  colnmnis  one  en  from 
rule  on  riglit;  also  capitalize  and  use  full  point. 

Indention  from  rules. — An  indention  from  a  rule  means  so  many  ems  in  addition  to 
the  en  (juad  used  for  bearing  oft". 

Word  "niz/nfeer. "^Spell  the  word  "number,"  referring  to  quantity  or  things,  in  box 
heads  where  possible.  Where  necessary  to  abbreviate  or  where  used  in  connection 
with  serial  figures,  use  "  No." 

Flush  and  sub  heads. — Use  colons  after  Hush  heads  and  em  dash<>s  after  heads  sub- 
ordinate thereto. 

Units  of  quantity. — I'liits  of  ([uantity  to  the  right  of  reading  columns  and  over  figure 
colunnis  will  be  spelled  where  possible.  Where  the  space  available  demands  a  con- 
traction, use  the  following  forms:  Dolls.,  galls.,  lbs.,  oz.,  bbls.,  cwt.,  yds.,  ft.,  in. 
(inches),  doz.,  bush.,  M,  8(|.  feet,  M  feet,  cub.  feet,  kilo.,  kilos.  Observe  style  of  the 
following  table : 


Between  Chicago, 
I  111.,  and— 


Between  St.  Lonis,  Mo., 
and — 


Artjclea. 


i  Jackson- 1  ^j^va '   Jackson-    Athens, 
ville.Fta.|^J^:;vflle.Fl.. 


Agricultural  inii>lenifciitH: 

C.  L.  (weiglit  20,000  pounils)  ..  .per  100  Ib.s. . 
C.L.  (weight  20,000  ]iuuud8),  i-eieased,  i>er  100 

pounds 

Apples,  onions,  potittoe.s,  cabbage,  beets,  and  tur- 
nips, straigiit  antl  mixed,  C.  L per  100  lbs.. 

Beans  and  pease,  in  barrels  or  saeks do. . . . 

Butter : 
Dairy— 

In  wood do 

In  woo«l,  released do 

Flonr : 

In  barrels per  barrel . . 

In  sacks per  100  pounds. . 

Grain,  in  bulk,  C.  L do 

Hominy  and  grite per  barrel. . 


$0.87 
.58 


1.35 
1.00 

.44 

.2*! 
.27 
.54 


»0.85 
.58 


1.47 
1.06 

.74 
.41 
.37 
.73 


6a. 


$0.84 


1.23 
.95 

.48 
.23 
.22 
.5tf 


$0.82 


1.25 
1.01 

.68 
.38 
.32 
.6i 


Atlanta, 

C.a. 


$0.82 
.56 
.41 


1.35 
1.01 

.62 
.35 
.29 
.58 


Leader  work. — Leader  work  is  not  classified  as  tabular  work. 

Continued  heads. — Continued  heads  over  tables  must  be  condensed  into  one  line 
where  possible. 


22  FOLLOW FOL.   LIT. COURT   WORK. 

FOLLOW— FOL.  LIT. 

L  Copy  marked  "fol."  means  to  follow  figures,  italics,  abbreviations,  idiomatic 
words  and  expressions,  and  &c.  or  etc.,  but  not  capitalization  or  punctuation.  The 
exceptions  are :  (1)  Always  spell  out  the  &  except  in  firm  names ;  (2)  always  spell 
out  the  %■  mark;  (3)  always  use  "at"  or  "to,"  as  the  case  may  be,  instead  of  the 
commercial  ®.  All  orthography  in  "  fol."  matter  is  good  that  has  the  sanction  of 
any  dictionary. 

2.  Copy  marked  "fol.  lit."  means  follow  everything — caps,  punctuation,  and 
contractions. 

COURT  WORK. 
COURT  OF  CLAIMS  OPINIONS,  BKIEFS,  AND  DECISIONS. 

1.  In  the  case  of  The  United  States  v.  Union  Pacific  Itailroad  Company  (99  U.  S.,  22), 
the  court 

2.  In  the  case  of  United  States  v.  The  Union  Pacific  Eailroad  Company  (99  U.  S.,  33), 
the  court 

3.  {The  United  States  v.  Union  Pacific  K.  It.  Co.) 

4.  (  United  States  v.  The  Union  Pacific  II.  li.  Co.) 

5.  In  Taylor's  Case  (16  C.  Cls.  R.,  14)  the  claimant.  {Taylor's  Case,  16  C.  Cls.  R,,  14.) 

6.  In  Taylor  v.  Smith  the  court  held 

7.  Edwards's  Lessee  v.  Darby  (12  Wheat.,  210) 

8.  Legal-Tender  Case  (110  U.  S.,  334) 

9.  {Ex  parte  Robinson,  19  Wall.,  304) 

10.  In  Taylor's  Case  the  court  say;  iu  the  case  of  Taylor  there  was 

11.  In  the  case  of  Payne  (7  U.  S.,  252) 

12.  By  the  Act  of  March  3,  18S1,  chapter  34,  section  4  (Rev.  Stat.,  $  33). 

13.  Boivman  Act  (22  Stat.  L.,  ch.  4,  §  9,  p.  284) ;  the  Bowman  Act  was  referred  to. 

14.  Act  5th  August,  1882  (Supp.  Rev.  Stat.,  284;  Stat.  L.,  84). 

15.  In  the  petition  (Rec,  p.  7)  there  is 

16.  In  the  record  (p.  7;  Test.,  p.  7;  Ev.,  p.  7;  Rec,  p.  9;  q.  7;  c.  q.  7;  int.  7;  c.  int. 
7;  qq.6-9;  c.qq.7-9;  ints.  9,10) 

17.  Finding  VI — the  sixth  finding;  section  6 — the  sixth  section. 

18.  Omit  quotation  marks  for  exhibits  in  all  cases  except  "fol.  lit." 

19.  "  United  States  "  to  be  used  in  the  singular  number  where  practicable. 

20.  In  Court  of  Claims  records,  when  questions  are  numbered,  let  the  number 
precede  the  question :  23.  Question. 

21.  Spell  out  "Question  "  and  "Answer"  and  make  separate  paragraphs. 

22.  When  the  title  of  the  case  is  braced  to  the  left,  the  rule  is  to  have  the  braced 
portion  occupy  two-thirds  of  the  line;  but  this  may  be  varied  to  avoid  bad  divi- 
sions or  when  there  is  but  little  matter  inside  the  brace. 

23.  Make  sentences  of  citations,  excepting  (p.  84)  or  (pp.  90-95). 
(See  also  "Follow — fol.  lit.") 

SUPREME  COURT  RECORDS. 

24-  X  Int.  LXQ.  5.  Re  X  Q. 

^  Int.  1.  X  Ques.  1.  24th.  Cross-ques. 

X.-**-  1.  Add.  Direct.  46th.  Cross-int. 

24.  X.  z.  R.  D.  Q.  46.  Cross  int. 

24-  Q-  a.  Re  D.  Q.  46.  Cross-ques. 

24.  Question.  4.  R.  X  Q.  46.  C.  I-ut. 

X  Q.  1.  Re  X  Q.  1.  46th.  C.  Int. 

24.  Int.  R.  X  Int.  1.  Answer  to  Cross-int.  1. 

1.  Follow  copy  literally,  except  italics  (which  stand  for  errors  only),  capitalization, 
and  punctuation. 


GENERAL    TESTIMONY USE    OF    ITALIC.  23 

2.  Use  italic  letters  to  indicate  errors  of  orthography  and  apostrophes  to  indicate 
errors  of  omission.  In  case  of  a  doublet,  italicize  the  repeated  portion.  Use  no 
dashes,  but  indicate  blanks  with  quads. 

3.  Make  i>aragraphs  of  answers  in  Q.  and  A.  matter. 

4.  Use  apostrophes  in  unusual  abbreviations,  such  as  Feb'y,  c't,  etc. ;  but  in  well- 
established  abbreviations  use  the  period,  as  Mr.,  deft.,  plif. 

5.  Many  words,  although  not  spelled  according  to  AYebster,  if  sanctioned  by  other 
authorities,  should  be  set  without  italic  letters. 

6.  Italics  should  not  be  used  to  indicate  errors  of  syntax,  or  errors  of  orthography, 
in  foreign  languages,  except  in  law  terms,  as  liari  fecias;  nor  should  italics  be  used 
in  A^ariations  of  orthograjthy  of  proper  names  of  persons  or  places. 

7.  Where  the  name  of  a  corporation  occurs  beginning  with  the  word  "the,"  use  a 
cap.  T,  thus:  the  said  The  B.  &  O.  R.  R.  Co. ;  The  Sun  v.  The  Globe;  The  City  of 
Washington  v.  The  B.  &.  O.  R.  R.  Co. ;  the  defendant  The  Davies  County  Bank. 

8.  Errors  in  italics  will  always  be  indicated  by  roman  letters,  thus :  fiere  feciaa, 
conplaineants. 

9.  Names  of  vessels  will  be  set  in  roman,  quoted. 

10.  Do  not  change  the  spelling  of  proper  names,  nor  use  italics  to  indicate  errors 
therein.  _ 

(See  also  "Follow — fol.  lit.") 

GENERAL  TESTIMONY. 

1.  Contract  the  first  Q.  and  A.,  as  well  as  the  following  ones. 

2.  Make  one  paragraph  of  question  and  answer,  counecting  the  question  and  its 
answer  by  an  em  dash. 

3.  Where  tlie  answer  is  not  introduced  by  the  iisual  "A.,"  "Ans.,"  or  "Answer," 
or  where  the  name  or  title  of  a  participaut  is  used,  make  a  new  paragraph. 

4.  The  following  examples  illustrate  the  use  of  brackets,  colons,  and  parentheses : 

The  Chaibmax  (to  Mr.  Smith). 
Mr.  Kellky  (to  the  chairmau). 
The  Witness.  He  did  it  that  way  [indicating]. 

Q.  (By  Mr.  Smith.)  Do  you  know  these  men  [handing  witness  a  list]  1 

(Objected  to.) 

A.  (After  examining  list.)    Yes;  I  do. 

Q.  (Continuing.) — A.  (Reads:) 

Question  (continuing).— Answer  (reads): 

A.  (Interrupting.) 

Answer  (interru"j)ting). 

(Counsel  objects  to  its  admission.) 

5.  Observe  punctuation  in  the  following  paragraphs: 

The  defendant,  George  Brown,  stated  to  the  cotirt,  etc.  [where  there  is  only  one  defendant 
(or  plaintiff)  in  the  case]. 

The  defendant  George  Brown  stated  to  the  court,  etc.  [where  there  are  two  or  more  defendants 
(or  plaintiffs)  in  tbu  case]. 

(See  also  "Follow — kol,  lit."  and  paragraph  3  under  "Miscellaneous.") 

USE    OF  ITALIC. 

*  1.  Names  of  vessels  and  generic  names  should  be  set  in  italic,  except  in  tabular 
matter,  indexes,  lists  set  in  columns,  and  Supreme  Court  work. 

2.  The  words  "see,"  "see  also,"  etc.,  in  italic  in  indexes  only. 

3.  Italic  will  not  be  followed  in  general  work,  either  for  foreign  words  or  for 
emphasis,  unless  special  instructions  to  that  eftect  are  given. 

4.  When  letters  are  used  as  references  in  explaining  diagrams,  figures,  etc.,  use 
italic  for  lower-case  references  and  roman  for  caps,  not  quoted:  Cogwheel  a;  pin- 
ion B;  angle  ab;  line  CD;  points  a,  b,  c,  d,  e. 

(See  also  "Follow — fol.  lit.") 


24  MISCELLANEOUS. 


MISCELLANEOUS. 

1.  Use  spaces  in  place  of  hjpliens  in  Indian  names. 

2.  Treat  all  side  and  cut-in  notes  as  paragraphs. 

3.  Observe  the  following  examples  of  punctuation: 

George  G.  Greene,  being  sworu  and  examined,  French  spoliation  case  No.  325. 

on  oatli  deposes  and  says :  flrst  session  Fifty-third  Congress. 

Isaac  Fuller,  .sworn,  and  testified  as  follows:  Jones  &  Co.,  Limited. 

r.  L.  Kodier,  sworn  and  examined.  Latitude,  40°  19'  12"  north;  longitude,  30° 8'  14" 

•  C<donel  Seventh  Cavalry.  west. 

Captain,  Seventh  Cavalry.  In  latitude  40°  19'  12"  north,  longitude  30°  8'  U" 

Respectfully,  vours,  west. 

Yours,  respectfully,  '  Have  you  any  interest  in   this  case?    If  so, 

Congressional,  No.  25.  what? 

Congressional  case  No.  25.  Have  you  any  interest  in  this  case?    If  so, 

Kecord,  case  No.  384.  state  what. 

Term  No.,  625.  Have  you  any  interest  in  this  case;  and  if  so, 

Indian  Depredations,  No.  25.  what? 

Indian  depredation  case  No.  625.  Have  you  any  interest  in  this  case?    And  if  so, 

French  Spoliations,  No.  18.  state  what. 

4.  "Line  of  stars"  means  seven  asterisks  in  a  full-measure  line,  indented  two 
ems  at  each  end,  the  remaining  space  to  be  evenly  divided  between  the  stars.  Excep- 
tion: In  briefs,  etc.,  set  in  "general -order"  measure,  use  but  five  asterisks,  indented 
two  ems  at  each  end. 

5.  Avoid,  by  overrunning,  the  use  of  a  dash  at  the  beginning  of  a  line,  two-letter 
divisions,  and  the  repetition  of  divisions  at  the  end  of  three  or  more  contiguous  lines 

6.  After  addresses  at  the  head  of  comnnuucatious  use  the  period,  as — 

Hon.  Amos  .1.  Cummings,  Lieut.  Commander  Kichard  Hush, 

House  of  Representatives.  Navy  Department. 

Deab  Sir:  I  have  the  honor,  etc.  Dear  Sir:  The  care  shown  by  you,  etc. 

7.  Use  en  (^uads  in  cap  and  small-cap  lines  in  addresses  and  in  signatures,  and  a 
proportionate  increase  of  space  in  heads  of  extended  type. 

8.  In  illustrating  certain  shapes  or  forms,  as  T  rails,  use  gothic  letters  (case  288 
cap.  in  long-primer  text,  and  case  287  cap.  in  brevier  text). 

9.  In  solid  matter,  when  extracts,  etc.,  are  set  in  smaller  type,  separate  by  using 
two  leads;  in  leaded  matter  use  three  leads. 

10.  Use  two  leads  before  footnotes  in  all  cases. 

11.  Where  slugs  are  called  for  specially,  use  a  slug  of  same  body  as  type. 

12.  Separate  center  heads  I'rom  text  by  slugs  one  size  less  than  type  used. 

13.  When  two  consecutive  years  are  intended,  set:  1875-76,  1801-2;  when  more 
than  two  consecutive  years  are  intended:  1875-1879,  1895-1904;  when  two  or  more 
distinct  years  are  intended:   1894,1895;  1873,1876;  1888,1891,1894. 

14.  When  laws  are  set  in  long-primer  type,  document  measure,  the  lirst  line  of  the 
enacting  clause  must  be  set  so  as  to  conform  to  the  following  examples: 

Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate  and  Honne  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
Resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States 

15.  In  indexes,  when  the  page  folios  overrun,  retain  only  the  first  folio  number  in 
the  leader  line;  but  when  necessary  to  .save  an  overrun,  figures  may  be  run  back  to 
within  an  em  leader  of  the  words.  When  the  folios  overrunning  make  two  or  more 
lines,  indent  evenly  not  less  than  seven  ems  on  the  left,  the  folios  in  excess  of  even, 
length  lines  to  be  worked  into  the  leader  line.  When  the  figures  extend  back  into 
the  leader  lino,  use  an  en  quad  between  the  leaders  and  the  first  figure. 

16.  Never  divide  a  word  in  a  headline  if  it  can  possibly  be  avoided.  In  subhead 
and  legend  lines  it  is  not  necessary  to  make  the  first  line  full. 

17.  Always  keep  together,  at  the  beginning  or  end  of  a  line,  such  abbreviations  as 
U.  S.  N. ;  D.  C;  N.  Y. ;  N.  .J.;  M.  D.,  etc.  The  contractions  esq.,  sr.,  and  jr.  should 
always  be  in  the  same  line  with  the  name  they  follow. 

18.  Never  divide  the  last  word  of  a  paragraph  if  it  can  be  avoided;  overrun  if 
necessary.    The  last  line  of  a  paragraph  should  contain  at  least  a  four-letter  word. 


BILL  STYLE. 


Unless  special  directions  are  j^iven — sometimes  necessary  in  particular  cases — the 
following  rules  govern  the  printing  of  bills: 

Type. 

1.  Bills  are  always  set  in  English  type,  full-slngged. 

2.  A  new  bill  is  always  all  roman,  italic  being  used  only  for  the  enacting  clause 
aud  the  word  '' I'rovided" 

Side  Folios. 

3.  The  direction  "Allow  for  two  figures"  means  that  TWO  1-EM  quads  (not  one 
2-em  quad)  are  to  be  used  in  allowing  for  side  folios  at  left  of  text.  "Allow  for 
three  figures  "  means  indent  two  1-em  quads  and  1  en  ([uad. 

4.  Always  supply  the  word  "  That "  immediately  following  the  section  number, 
and  after  the  word  "  rrovUleiV  of  a  proviso. 

5.  Begin  side  folios  with  figure  1  at  the  first  line  of  each  section.  Exceptions  to 
this  are  sometimes  made  for  convenience  in  handling,  and  side  folios  begun  with 
figure  1  at  the  to])  of  each  page;  but  in  such  cases  special  instructions  will  be  given. 

Engrossed  aud  Enrolled  Bills. 

6.  A  bill  is  said  to  be  emji-oHHed  when  it  has  passed  one  House  of  Congress ;  to  be 
enrolled  when  final  action  has  been  taken  in  both  Houses. 

7.  Follow  literally  in  engrossed  aud  enrolled  bills.  This  applies  to  the  title  of 
the  bill  on  the  filing  or  indorsement  as  well  as  to  the  text,  but  not  to  the  caption  of 
engrossed  amendments. 

Heads  aud  Indorsements. 

8.  The  "indorsement"  on  a  bill  is  the  form  printed  on  the  back  for  convenience 
of  reference  when  folded.  "Document  style"  prevails  on  indorsements  until  the 
bill  reaches  the  "engrossed"  stage.  Senate  bills  ditl'er  from  House  bills  in  the 
forms  used  in  heads  and  indorseiuents.  As  a  bill  progresses  new  "actions"  appear, 
which  should  be  set  in  the  same  style  as  the  "  actions"  that  i>recede.  The  "style" 
of  a  head  or  indorsement  is  governed  by  the  "style"  for  the  branch  of  Congress  in 
which  the  bill  is  pending.  Examples  of  a  new  bill  in  each  House  are  given  on  the 
following  page : 

25 


26 


BILL    STYLE. 


[Ca-jt.J -s 

53d  Congress, 
3d  Session. 


HEADING   OF   HOUSE   BILL. 

^ICast.]-. 

H.  R.  9846. 


[English  caps— cast.l 
IN  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 

[Long  primer  type.] 
December  22,'  1894. 

Referred  to  the  Committee  on  Claims  and  ordered  to  be  printed. 


[English  type.] 
Mr.  Wilson,  of  West  Virginia,  (by  request)  introduced  the  following  bill; 

, [Cast.  ] , 

A  BILL 

[English  type.] 
For  the  relief  of  George  Washington  Watkins,  of  Martinsburg,  West  Virginia. 

[Slug.] 
Be  it  enacted,  etc.,  That 


, [Cast.] , 

5Hd  Congress, 
Sd  Session. 


HEADING   OF   SENATE   BILLS. 

^[Cast.]^ 

S.  4973. 


[English  caps— cast.] 
IN  THE  SENATE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

[Long  primer  type.] 

January  4,  1895. 

Mr.  VoORHEKS  introduced  the  following  bill;  which  was  read  twice  and  referred  to 
the  Committee  on  Pensions. 


, [Cast.  ] , 

A  BILL 

[English  type.] 
Granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  the  survivors  of  the  Mexican  War. 

[Slug.] 

Be  it  enacted,  etc.,  That 


House. 

53d  Congress,  \  -,  „   qoar 
3d  Session.      ]  ^  ^  ^^^^ 


indorsements. 


Senate. 


53d  Congress,  }  „    aotq 
3d  Session.      ^  °-  ^^  "^• 


A  BILL 

For  the  relief  of  George  Washington 
Watkins,  of  Martinsburg,  VV.  Va. 


A  BILL 

Granting  an  increase  of  pension  to  the 
sui-^dvors  of  the  Mexican  War. 


By  Mr.  Wilson,  of  West  Virginia. 


December  22,  1894.— Referred  to  the 
Committee  on  Claims  and  or- 
dered to  be  printed. 


By  Mr.  Voorhees. 


1895 — January  4. —  Read  twice  and 
referred  to  the  Committee  on 
Pensions. 


BILL    STYLE.  27 

9.  Ill  indorsements  on  bills  in  the  Senate  use  a  9-em  dash  under  the  bill  number; 
on  bills  in  the  House  a  parallel  dash. 

10.  The  name  of  the  introducer  of  a  bill  or  resolution  is  carried  under  the  title  in 
the  indorsement,  in  long  primer  caps  aud  small  caps,  between  parallel  rules,  in 
both  Houses,  through  each  printing  until  bill  or  resolution  passes  one  House. 

11.  When  thetitle  of  a  bliron  the  indorsement  makes  more  than  two  lines,  indent 
the  runovers  1^  ems;  center  the  title  when  it  makes  but  one  or  two  lines.  On  the 
face  of  the  bill  where  a  title  makes  more  than  one  line,  set  the  first  line  to  full 
measure,  centering  the  ru  lover  if  there  be  two  lines  in  the  title;  if  more  than  two 
lines,  indent  the  runovers  2  ems. 

12.  Titles  for  House  hills  are  taken  from  the  ixdoksement  of  copy;  for  Senate 
BILLS  from  the  face  of  copy. 

13.  Preambles  are  set  full  measure,  the  first  line  of  each  "whereas"  being  flush 
and  the  runovers  indented  2  ems.  Where  an  agreement  or  treaty  is  part  of  a  pre- 
amble, follow  literally,  indenting  the  paragraplis  4  ems  and  runovers  2  ems,  full 
measure. 

14.  Titles  and  preambles  following  the  hca<l  of  a  bill  are  always  lialf-slugged. 

1.5.  Set  "  Calendar  No.  — ,"  on  both  face  and  indorsement  of  bills  which  have  reached 
tlie  Senate  Calendar,  in  each  case  at  the  upper  right-band  corner. 

16.  Set  "  Report  No."  on  both  face  and  indorsement  of  reported  bills  in  both  Houses, 
centering  under  the  number  of  the  bill. 

[It  is  impracticable  to  give  illustrations  of  the  minutia-  of  headings  and  indorse- 
ments of  bills  in  all  their  stages.  Samples  and  information  can  always  be  had  upon 
inquiry  at  the  foreman's  desk.  Compositors  and  others  must  familiarize  themselves 
with  the  forms  called  for  by  the  clerks'  notes  on  copy.] 

Amendments. 

17.  "Line  type"  and  italic  are  used  «mly  to  show  amendments.  When  it  is  pro- 
posed to  strike  out  certain  portions  in  a  bill  that  is  "reported  with  amendments," 
such  portions  will  be  set  in  "  line  type."    f]xample: 

in  accordance  with  oxitjting  proposed  plan,  twenty  twenty- 
five  thousand  dollars. 

18.  When  new  matter  is  inserted,  it  is  set  in  italics.^ 

19.  When  it  is  proposed  to  strike  out  and  insert,  always  let  the  italics  follow 
the  line  type. 

20.  Do  not  complicate  amendments.  When  one  amendment  can  be  made  to  cover 
the  sense,  as  in  the  complete  changing  of  a  sum  of  money,  so  set  it,  rather  than  divide 
into  two  or  more  short  amendments. 

21.  Proposed  Senate  amendments  are  printed  in  bill  form,  all  roman.  The  general 
style  of  the  head  may  be  either  that  of  bills  or  of  "  miscellaneous  documents."  These 
headings  are  generally  in  proper  form  as  they  come  from  the  bill  clerk. 

22.  When  it  is  proposed  in  the  Senate  to  make  several  short  amendments,  the 
caption  should  read  as  follows : 

AMENDMENTS 

Intended  to  be  propose*!  by  Mr.  Hoar  to  the  bill  (H.  R.  4864)  to  reduce  taxation,  to  provide  revenue 

for  the  Government,  and  for  other  purposes,  viz. : 

1  In  line  24,  pa^e  19,  strike  out  the  words  "per  centum  ad  valorem"  and  insert  the  words 

2  "cents  per  pound ;  '  in  line  16,  pafie  25,  strike  out  the  word  "  shall ;''  and  in  line  12,  pane  34,  after 

3  the  word  "and,"  insert  the  word  "any." 

23.  When  a  proposed  amendment  in  the  Senate  is  expressed  by  one  or  more  full 
paragraphs,  the  caption  should  read: 

AMENDMUXT 

Intended  to  be  proposed  by  Mr.  GoHMAX  to  the  bill  (H.  K.  2476)  entitled  "An  Act  to  establish  a  fish- 
hatching  station  at  Port  Tobacco,  Maryland,  viz:  After  the  word  "Maryland,"  in  line  14,  section 
2,  insert  the  following : 

1  _    To  enable  the  United  States  Commissioner  of  Fish  and  Fisheries  to  carry  out  the  provisions 

2  of  this  act  there  is  hereby  ajjpropriated  the  sum  of  seventy-five  thousand  dollars. 


28  BILL    STYLE. 

Reported  Bills. 

24.  Observe  the  difference  iu  form  of  action  taken  on  Senate  and  House  bills 
reported  with  amendments : 

House. — 

December  12, 1894. 

Reported  with  amondments,  committed  to  the  Committee  of  the  Whole  House,  and  ordered  to  be 

printed. 

Omit  tlio  parts  struck  througli  and  insert  the  parts  printed  in  italics. 

Senate. — 

Decemijee  i:j,  1894. 

Reported  by  Mr.  Hakkis  with  an  amendment,  A-iz:    Omit  the'iiart  struck  through  and  insert  the  part 

printed  in  italics. 

[The  wording  varies  with  the  necessities  of  the  case,  but  the  style  remains  the 
same.] 

General  Instructions. 

25.  Spell  out  everything,  except  "Mr.,"  "Mrs.,"  and  classification  of  vessels,  as 
"A  1."     On  indorsements  follow  document  style. 

26.  Make  the  contractions  "&c."  and  "etc."  read  "and  so  forth,"  aiul  in  the  title 
and  body  of  a  bill  make  "viz"  read  "namely." 

27.  When,  in  the  use  of  ligures,  tbe  comma  is  used  in  ordinary  work  to  show  nota- 
tion, iu  bills  thousands  and  hundreds  are  spelled;  as,  for  1,750,  make  it  "one  thou- 
sand seven  hundred  and  fifty." 

28.  In  serial  numbers,  or  where  the  comma  is  not  used  iu  general  work,  spell  by 
hundreds  all  numbers  less  than  10000;  as,  for  2742,  make  it  "twenty-seven  hundred 
and  forty-two;"  but  in  serial  numbers  where  even  multiples  of  one  thousand  occur, 
use  the  word  "thousand,"  as  "section  two  thousand  and  four,". "paragraph  seven 
thousand  and  sixty-nine"  (not  "twenty  hundred  and  four"  or  "seventy  hundred 
and  sixty-nine"). 

29.  Years  and  dates  are  expressed  thus:  June  thirtieth,  eighteen  hundred  and 
ninety-three. 

30.  When  the  expression  usually  indicated  by  "No."  occiirs,  use  the  word  "num- 
bered." Observe,  in  this  connection,  the  capitalization  lor  kindred  expressions: 
House  Executive  Document  Numbered  Eighteen. 

31.  References  to  the  Revised  Statutes,  Statutes  at  Large,  court  reports,  etc.,  are 
expressed  thus:  Revised  Statutes,  page  two  hundred  and  forty-two;  Twelfth  Stat- 
utes, page  eleven  hundred  and  sixteen;  Tenth  Court  of  Claims  Reports,  page  ten. 

32.  Capitalize  the  word  "act"  wherever  it  occurs  as  a  synonym  for  "bill"  or 
"law." 

33.  The  indorsement  ou  a  printed  bill  must  always  fall  on  an  oven  page.  In  House 
bills  4  lines  of  text  may  be  worked  in  with  the  indorsement,  and  in  Senate  bills  7 
lines. 

Special  Instructions  for  Enrolled  Bills. 

34.  Set  in  quarto  measure,  paragraphs  indented  2  ems. 

35.  Lead  with  3-to-pica  leads.  When  center  heads  occur  use  a  full  pica  slug  above 
and  below. 

36.  Set  entirely  in  roman  type,  except  the  enacting  clause  and  "Provided,"  which 
go  in  italic. 

37.  AA'oid  divisions  of  words  and  space  evenly.  TAvo-letter  divisions  must  not  be 
made. 

38.  In  enrolled  bills  of  the  Senate  place  the  bill  number  (using  the  form  "S.  146") 
in  pica  antique,  at  the  upper  left-hand  corner.  In  enrolled  bills  of  the  Mouse  the 
number  goes  at  the  upper  right-hand  corner,  using  the  form  "H.  R.  No.  4864." 

39.  In  enrolled  bills  of  the  Senate  use  a  parallel  dash  above  and  below  title;  in 
those  of  the  House  use  the  parallel  dash  above  only,  with  two  full  slugs  below. 


JOURNAL    V/ORK. 


GENERAL  DIRECTIONS. 

Spell  out  States  after  county  in  both  Journals. 

The  Journals  are  set  in  brevier,  solid,  Record  measure,  and  as  a  rule  Record  style 
prevails. 

Compositors  will  observe  the  style  of  the  followiuji  parajxraphs : 

HOUSE. 

MONDAY.  DECEMBER  3,  1894. 

A  message  from  the  Senate,  by  Mr.  Cox,  its  Secretary,  iinnouuccd  that  the  Senate 
had  passed  a  bill  entitled: 

S.  2905.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  John  M.  Smith. 

It  also  announced  that  the  Senate  had  passed  bills  of  the  following  titles,  in  which 
the  concurrence  of  the  House  was  recjuested  : 

S.  2000.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  James  Robinson;  and 

S.  2001.  An  act  granting  a  pension  to  Sam  .Jones. 

It  further  announced  that  the  Senate  had  passed,  without  amendment,  the  bill 
(H.  R.  10241)  to  amend  "An  act  making  api>ropriati«ms  for  the  construction,  repair, 
and  preservation  of  certain  public  works  on  rivers  and  harbors,  and  for  other  pur- 
poses." approved  July  4,  1894. 

The  committees  were  called  for  reports; 

When, 

Bills  were  reported,  the  reports  theret)n  ordere<l  to  be  printed,  and  referred  to  the 
Calendars  as  follows : 

By  Mr.  Black,  of  Illinois,  from  tlio  Committee  on  Military  Affairs,  the  bill  entitled 
(8.527)  an  act  to  construct  a  road  to  the  national  cemetery  at  Dover,  Tenn. — to  the 
Committee  of  the  Whole  House  on  the  state  of  the  Union. 

The  amendments  recommended  by  the  Committee  of  the  Whole  were  then  agreed 
to,  and  as  amended  the  bill  was  ordered  to  be  engrossed,  was  read  a  third  time,  and 
passed. 

The  Speaker  laid  before  the  House  the  bill  entitled: 

S.  1262.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  Paul  McCormick; 

Which  was  referred  to  the  Connnittee  on  Claims. 

The  Speaker  pro  tempore  laid  Itefore  the  House  the  bill — with  amendments  of  the 
Senate  thereto — entitled : 

H.  R.  .3458.  An  act  extending  the  time  for  liual  proof  on  land  claims  under  the 
public  land  laws. 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Sweet  the  amendments  were  concurred  in. 

Mr.  Pearson,  from  the  Ct>mmittee  on  Enrolled  Bills,  reported  that  the  committee 
had  examined  and  found  truly  enrolled  bills  of  the  following  titles;  which  were 
thereupon  signed  by  the  Speaker,  to  wit: 

H.  R.  868.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  John  Smith ; 

29 


30  JOURNAL    WORK. 

S.  1896.  An  act  for  the  relief  of  Mrs.  Lucinda  Brown;  and 

H.  K.  3858.  An  act  to  pension  John  Jones. 

By  Mr.  Maguire :  A  resolution  for  the  appointment  of  a  special  committee  to  inves- 
tigate Pacific  railroads — to  tlie  Committee  on  Rules. 

By  Mr.  Holman : 

Whereas  it  appears  by  an  act  passed  June  i,  1894,  the  sum  of  $10,000  was  ajipro- 
priated  to  enable  the  Secretary  of  War,  etc. ;  and 

Whereas  it  is  alleged  that  trouble  exists,  etc. ; 

Resolved,  That  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs  be  authorized  to  settle  the  diffi- 
culty— 
to  the  Committee  on  Military  Affairs. 

The  Committee  on  Indian  Affairs  was  called ; 

When, 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Lynch,  on  behalf  of  said  committee,  the  Honse  resolved  itself 
into  Committee  of  the  Whole  House  on  tlie  state  of  the  Union  for  the  consideration 
of  the  bill  (H.  R.  6557)  providing  for  opening  the  Uintah  Indian  Reservation  in 
Utah;  and  after  some  time  spent  therein,  the  Si)eaker  resumed  the  chair,  and  Mr. 
Dockery  reported  that  the  committee  having  had  under  consideration  the  said  bill 
(H.  R.  6557)  had  come  to  no  resolution  thereon; 

When  the  morning  hour  expired. 

The  question  being  on  agreeing  to  the  second  resolution,  to  wit : 

Resolved,  That  John  J.  O'Neill  was  not  legally  elected  and  is  not  entitled  to  a  seat 
in  this  House; 

And  being  put, 

Will  the  House  agree  thereto  f 

(Yeas 23 

It  was  decided  in  the  negative,  <  Nays 160 

(  Not  voting 168 

After  further  debate. 

The  Speaker  appointed  Messrs.  Bailey  and  Ray  tellers. 

The  question  being  put. 

Shall  the  bill  be  engrossed  and  read  a  third  time  ? 

The  yeas  and  nays  being  desired  by  one-fifth  of  the  members  present, 

[One  line  only.] 

rYeas 123 

Nays 55 

There  appeared,  <  Answering  "  present " 1 

Not  answering 172 

[  Reported  by  tellers  as  present  and  not  answering 4 

The  Speaker  laid  before  the  House  the  following  joint  resolution  of  the  Senate: 

S.  R.  91.  A  joint  resolution  providing  for  printing  a  digest  of  the  laws  relating  to 
compensation  of  ofiicials  in  United  States  courts ; 

Which  was  referred  to  the  Committee  on  Printing. 

Mr.  Allen  suggested  that  the  House  should  take  a  recess,  under  Rule  XXVI. 

And  then,  in  pursuance  of  Rule  XXVI,  the  House  took  a  recess  until  8  ]).  m. 

A  message  from  the  President  of  the  United  States,  by  Mr.  Pruden,  one  of  his  sec- 
retaries, announced  that  the  President  had  approved  and  signed  bills  and  a  joint 
resolution  of  the  following  titles : 

On  June  29,  1894 : 

H.  R.  4701.  An  act  to  incorporate  the  Supreme  Lodge  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias; 
and 

H.  R.  274.  An  act  to  authorize  the  city  of  Hyattsville,  Md.,  to  construct  a  wagon 
bridge. 

On  July  6,  1894 : 

H.  Res.  196.  Joint  resolution  to  provide  temporarily  for  the  expenditures  of  the 
Government. 


JOURNAL   WORK.  31 

The  committee  of  conference  on  the  disagreeing  votes  of  the  two  Houses  to  the 
bill  (H.  R.  6518)  making  appropriations  for  rivers  ami  harbors  dorecommend  to  their 
respective  Houses  as  follows : 

That  the  House  recede  from  its  disagreement  to  the  amendment  of  the  Senate 
numbered  27,  and  agree  to  the  same  with  an  amendment  as  follows :  Strike  out  all 
the  matter  preceding  and  insert  on  page  77,  after  line  7,  the  following  as  a  new  item : 

Baltimore  Harbor,  Maryland:  To  tviden  the  ship  channel  to  one  thousand  feet,  one 
thousand  nine  hundred  and  sixty-nine  dollars  and  fifty-one  cents. 

And  the  Senate  agree  to  the  same. 

That  the  House  recede  from  its  disagreement  to  the  amendment  of  the  Senate 
numbered  20,  and  agree  to  the  same  with  an  amendment  as  follows :  Strike  out  "  eight 
hundred  dollars  "  and  itsert  in  lieu  thereof  the  following :  three  hundred  and  fifty  dol- 
lars; and  the  Senate  agree  to  the  same. 

Amend  section  2  to  read  as  follows : 

Skc.  2.  For  an  exhibit  by  the  Government  of  tlie  United  States  at  the  Cotton  States  Inter- 
national Exposition  to  be  held  at  Atlanta,  Georgia,  in  the  year  eighteen  hundred  and  ninety- 
five,  one  hundred  thousand  dollars. 

And  the  House  agree  to  the  same. 

Leave  of  absence  wiis  granted  to  Mr.  Cobb  of  Alabama  and  Mr.  Black  of  Illinois, 
indefinitely:  to  Mr.  Pigott,  for  two  days;  to  Mr.  Bartlett,  nntil  Saturday  next ;  and 
to  Mr,  Lacey,  for  four  days. 

And  then, 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Cummings,  at  5  o'clock  and  20  minutes  p.  m.,  the  House 
adjourned. 

SENATE. 

MESSAGE  FROM  THE   HOUSE. 

A  message  from  the  House  of  Representatives,  by  Mr.  Towles,  its  chief  clerk. 

Mr.  President:  The  House  of  Representatives  has  disagreed  to  the  ameudments  of 
the  Senate  to  the  bill  (H.  R.  6913)  making  appropriations  for  the  cnrrent  expenses 
of  the  Indian  Department.  It  asks  a  conference  with  the  Senate  thereon,  and  has 
appointed  Mr.  Holman,  Mr.  Allen,  and  Mr.  Wilson  of  Washington  managers  at  the 
same  on  its  part. 

ENROLLED  BILLS  SIGNRT). 

Mr.  Caffery  reported  from  the  committee  that  they  had  examined  and  found  duly 
enrolled  the  following  bill : 

H.  R.  2350.  An  act  making  appropriations  for  the  Military  Academy; 

Whereupon, 

The  President  pro  tempore  signed  the  same,  and  it  was  delivered  to  the  com- 
mittee to  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

The  Senate  proceeded,  by  unanimous  consent,  to  consider  the  said  bill  as  in 
Comnuttee  of  the  Whole;  and  no  amendment  being  made,  it  was  reported  to  the 
Senate. 

Ordered,  That  it  pass  to  a  third  rciulini;. 

The  said  bill  was  read  the  third  time. 

liesolved,  That  it  pass,  and  that  the  title  thereof  be  as  aforesaid. 

The  Senate  proceeded  to  consider,  as  in  Committee  of  the  Whole,  the  bill  (S.  1296) 
for  the  relief  of  Andrew  Gray;  and 
On  motion  by  Mr.  White, 

Ordered,  That  it  be  postponed  indefinitely. 

Mr.  Allison  called  for  a  division  of  the  question;  and 

On  the  question  to  recede  from  the  amendment  No.  87,  viz:  Insert  as  an  additional 
paragraph  the  following: 

109.  Iron  ore,  forty  cents  per  ton, 

It  was  determined  in  the  negative,  <  -^^^^ ^ 


32  JOURNAL    WORK. 

On  motiou  by  Mr.  Hill,  ^ 

The  yeas  and  uays  being  desired  by  oue-lifth  of  the  Senators  present, 

[One  line  only.] 

Those  who  voted  in  the  affirmative  are, 

Messrs.  Allen,  Hill,  Irby. 

Those  who  voted  in  the  negative  are, 

Messrs.  Jones  of  Arkansas,  Jones  of  Nevada,  Mitchell  of  Wisconsin. 

[Note.— Observe  tliat  commas  are  left  out  after  names  when  there  are  a  number  of  them,  like  the 
above.] 

The  qnestion  being  on  tlie  motion  of  Mr.   Hill  that  the  Senate  recede  from  its 
amendment  No.  87, 

Pending  debate, 

Mr.  Jones,  of  Arkansas,  raised  a  question  as  to  the  presence  of  a  quorum ; 

[Note.— Observe  that  comma  is  used  when  but  a  single  name  occurs.] 

Whereupon, 

The  Presiding  Officer  (Mr.  Mitchell,  of  Oregon,  in  the  chair)  directed  the  roll  to 
be  called ; 

When, 

Fifty-nine  Senators  answered  to  their  names. 

A  quorum  being  present, 

EXECUTIVE     SESSION. 

On  motiou  of  Mr.  Jones,  of  Arkansas, 
The  Senate  proceeded  to  the  consideration  of  executive  business;  and 
After  the  consideration  of  executive  business  the  doors  were  reopened ; 
When, 

On  motion  of  Mr.  Gorman,  at  3  o'clock  and  40  minutes  p.  m.. 
The  Senate  adjourned. 


Suggestions  for  Compositors,  Readers,  and  Revisers. 


HELP    EACH    OTHER. 

Workmen  in  every  department  should  follow  instructions  in  spirit  as  well  as  in  letter.  Unthinking 
performance— the  listless  doing  of  just  what  has  been  told  and  uo  more— is  not  satisfactory.  It  is 
believed  the  good  workman  will  take  interest  in  his  duties.  He  is  expected  at  suitable  times  to  help 
others  in  their  work.  The  excuse  that  it  is  "none  of  my  business,"  or  that  " it  was  the  reader's 
.  business,"  or  that  "it  was  the  foreman's  business"  to  give  a  word  of  warning  or  a  helping  hand 
to  prevent  delay,  error,  or  other  trouble  is  a  poor  one.  It  is  tlie  business  of  every  man  to  do  what 
he  can  to  prevent  error  in  any  department,  and  as  faulty  work  is  usually  done  through  inattention  or 
unfamiliarity  with  the  style,  suggestions  should  be  courteously  otfered  and  received. 

TYPESETTING. 

For  the  successful  maintenance  of  a  high  standarti  of  workmanship  and  for  the  correctness  of  the 
work  done  in  the  office,  not  a  little  depends  upon  the  care,  judgment,  skill,  and  intelligence  of  the  com- 
positors. Indifferent,  careless  men  are  not  in  demand  in  an  office  where  important  publications  are 
constantly  being  prepared  for  press,  and  where  the  slightest  neglect  on  the  part  of  those  handling  the 
work  may  cause  serious  delay  and  confusion  in  some  other  division  of  the  office.  Recollect  that  one 
badly  justified  line  may  stop  a  press;  a  careless  correction  spoil  the  whole  edition  of  a  book. 

Study  the  rules. —CompoaiUtrn  are  expected  to  carefully  study  the  rules  governing  composition.  A 
failure  to  do  this  will  show  plainly  in  the  proof.  It  must  be  remembered,  however,  that  all  work 
done  in  the  office  is  not  in  accordance  with  the  regular  or  office  style.  Special  instructions  will  inva- 
riably accompany  copy  of  this  kind,  and  a  compositor  should  ascertain  when  taking  out  copy  whether 
it  is  to  be  set  according  to  office  style ;  if  it  is  not,  he  should  read  instructions  carefully  and  confer  fully 
with  the  foreman  or  man  at  the  desk  about  doubtful  questions.  The  kind  of  typo  for  the  text  (other 
than  long  primer)  and  the  use  of  leads  are  indicate<l  in  the  prejiaration  of  the  copy,  as  are  indention, 
type  for  headlines,  "  cast "  of  tables,  and  other  minor  details.  The  comi>08itor  should  not  go  wrong 
on  these  matters,  nor  should  bis  type  contain  many  errors,  if  he  will  apply  himself,  think,  make 
certain  of  his  instructions,  and  use  care. 

Divisions.— ¥Tei\neint  divisions  of  words  are  undesirable,  but  do  not  avoid  them  entirely  at  the 
expense  of  uniform  spacing. 

Do  not  divide  compound  words  except  at  the  compounding  hyphen  in  any  bat  extreme  cases. 

Divisions  at  the  ends  of  three  adjacent  lines  will  not  be  passed  by  readers  except  in  extreme  cases 
or  in  narrow  measure. 

Divisions  on  syllables  of  two  letters  should  be  made  but  rarely. 

Spacing  and  justifying.— The  spacing  of  matter  must  be  governed  by  the  leading. 

Solid  matter  should  be  spaced  with  3-to-em  spaces,  and  when  about  to  divide  a  word  prefer  to 
take  in. 

Leaded  matter  should  also  be  spaced  with  3-to-em  spaces,  but  when  about  to  divide  a  word  prefer 
to  drive  over. 

In  double-leaded  matter  en  quads  should  be  used  and  divisions  driven  over. 

Avoid,  if  possible,  the  very  thin  or  very  wide  spacing  of  the  first  line  of  a  paragraph. 

All  lines  of  composition  must  be  justified  so  tightly  that  they  will  stand  unsupported  in  the  stick. 

Observe  in  spacing  the  various  formations  of  letters.  There  should  be  less  space  between  final 
'y"  and  initial  "w,"  for  instance,  than  between  final  "d"  and  initial  "h;"  less  between  final  "o"  and 
initial  "c"  than  between  final  "f"  and  initial  "b."  When  a  little  extra  spacing  is  necessary,  never 
place  it  between  a  comma  and  the  first  letter  of  succeeding  word.  The  spacing  between  capital 
letters  in  headings  should  also  be  governed  by  letter  formation. 

8892— S 3  83 


34  SUGGESTIONS    FOR    COMPOSITORS,    ETC. 

Do  not  do  all  the  spacing  at  either  the  right  or  left  of  the  line,  but  distribute  it  in  conformity  with 
the  foregoing  suggestions.  The  appearance  of  a  page  aa  a  whole  depends  very  much  upon  the  care 
shown  in  spacing. 

Compositors  should  take  every  precaution  to  prevent  the  soiling  of  proof  sheets,  as  it  is  necessary 
for  the  reviser  to  see  clearly  every  mark  on  the  margin  of  a  proof  after  it  has  been  corrected. 

Do  not  try  to  cover  up  or  hide  an  accident.  After  a  proof  is  read  the  first  time,  if  a  word  or  line  is 
pied, or  if  a  "dropout"  occurs,  or  any  accident  happens  to  the  type,  it  is  the  duty  of  the  workman  to 
call  attention  to  it  in  writing  on  the  latest  proof  sheet,  whether  it  be  a  galley  revise,  page  revise, 
stone  revise,  press  revise,  or  foundry  revise.  If  a  proof  sheet  be  not  available  or  immediately  at 
hand,  put  the  types  involved  B'EET  uppermost  when  returning  them  to  the  galley,  page,  or  form. 
This  direction  is  intended  for  all  who  handle  type — laborers,  compositors,  makers-up,  imposers,  and 
electi-otypers — and  will  be  insisted  upon.  Accidents  will  happen,  and  correctness  can  be  assured  only 
by  faithfully  following  the  instruction  here  given. 

READING. 

Readers  are  expected  to  be  alert,  clear-headed,  diligent,  and  thoughtful. 

Proofs  that  are  overinked,  pale,  smeared,  or  that  have  margins  too  narrow  for  proper  marking,  or 
for  any  reason  are  not  good  proofs,  must  be  refused. 

When  a  proof  is  taken  out,  the  reader  should  inform  himself  fully  as  to  the  character  of  the  work, 
whether  there  are  any  special  instructions  or  peculiarities  concerning  it,  whether  proof  will  be  sent 
out  or  the  work  go  directly  to  press,  and  get  such  other  information  as  he  may  think  will  assist  him ; 
and  before  beginning  to  read  he  should  make  sure  that  copj-  agrees  with  proof  and  that  the  entire 
proof  is  legible.  It  is  well  to  do  preparatory  work  and  take  a  general  survey  of  a  proof  before 
beginning  to  read  it. 

Tlie  style  in  which  correction  marks  are  made  on  a  proof  is  an  element  of  considerable  importance. 
Straggling,  unsymmetrical  characters,  disconnected  marks  placed  in  the  margins  above  or  below  the 
lines  to  which  they  relate,  irregular  lines  leading  from  an  incorrect  letter  or  word  to  a  correction, 
large  marks,  marks  made  with  a  blunt  pencil,  indistinct  marks,  a  frequent  use  of  the  eraser  to 
obliterate  mai'ks  hastily  or  incorrectly  made,  are  all  faults  to  be  avoided.  Corrections  so  made  are  not 
respected  by  the  compositor,  and  he  is  frequently  annoyed  and  delayed  in  deciphering  what  they  mean 
and  to  what  they  refer.  In  reading  proof  of  wide  tables  the  reader  should  take  advantage  of  white 
space  as  near  as  possible  to  the  error  and  place  the  correction  therein,  thus  aiding  all  who  have 
occasion  to  handle  the  proof  afterwards. 

The  time  to  be  spent  in  reading  a  proof  should  be  governed,  in  a  great  measure,  by  its  importance. 
While  in  certain  classes  of  ordinary  work  the  reader  is  not  expected  to  detect  more  than  the  plainer 
errors  and  make  his  proof  correct  to  copy,  in  work  of  value  he  should  read  critically  and  trj'  to 
discover  more  serious  blunders  than  spelling,  capitalization,  punctuation,  etc.  But  speed  should 
never  be  greater  than  is  consistent  with  practical  correctness. 

A  single  reading  of  figures,  either  in  columns  or  lines,  should  be  suflicient.  The  failure  of  first 
reader  and  copyholder  to  detect  wrong  figures  is  a  serious  fault;  confidence  in  tliem  is  immediately 
strained,  the  second  readers  become  suspicious  of  all  proofs  read  by  them  and  feel  compelled  to  reread 
entire  proof  by  copy,  and  many  far-reaching  annoyances  are  liable  to  follow.  When  a  reader  does 
not  feel  positive  that  figures  are  correct  to  copy,  or  if  his  sight  becomes  confused  by  a  multiplicity  of 
figures  or  from  other  cause,  he  should  request  that  the  proof  be  reread  by  copy  by  someone  else. 
Physical  weakness  is  not  a  fault;  carelessness  and  iudifi'erence  are  always  culpable. 

The  substance  of  the  preceding  paragraph  applies  also  to  "fol.  lit."  matter,  especially  bills,  laws, 
and  court  work. 

When  an  entire  "  take  "  or  proof  seems  to  have  been  set  uniformly,  a  reader  should  never  make 
important  changes  in  indentions  of  tables  or  make  like  corrections  which  will  cause  a  great  deal  of 
work  without  consulting  the  foreman,  the  copy  preparer,  or  the  man  at  the  proof  table. 

The  reader  should  endeavor  to  verify,  by  the  reference  books  in  the  office,  all  proper  names,  whether 
they  are  of  people  or  places,  or  whatever  they  may  be ;  every  date ;  every  quotation  from  standard 
works ;  every  foreign  word  or  phrase,  and  the  ordinary  nomenclature  of  science.  When  this  can  not 
be  done  and  he  has  a  reasonable  doubt,  he  should  request  the  author  to  verify  it.  But  when  the  reader 
does  discover  errors  of  this  class  or  when  he  detects  inconsistent  and  erroneous  statements,  obviously 
made  by  the  writer  through  lapse  of  the  memory  or  slip  of  the  pen,  it  is  his  duty  to  correct.  He 
does  so  at  his  peril,  however.  He  must  know,  not  suspect,  that  they  are  errors,  and  be  prepared,  if 
called  upon,  to  vindicate  the  soundness  of  his  correction  by  recognized  authority.  If  he  does  not- 
know,  he  should  query. 

When  a  reader  is  unable  to  decide  positively  as  to  the  correctness  of  a  date,  phrase,  name,  quota- 
tion, etc.,  or  if  he  does  not  feel  at  liberty  to  make  the  desired  change  because  of  instructions  to 
"follow  "  or  "  follow  literally,"  or  because  he  is  reading  a  bill  or  law,  he  should  query.  This  should 
not  always  be  done  by  a  simple  question  mark  (for  that  is  sometimes  so  confusing  to  the  author  that 
he  feels  like  raising  a  query  of  his  own  as  to  its  meaning),  but  by  writing  the  suggested  amendment 
or  explaining  the  reason  for  the  query  in  full. 


SUGGESTIONS    FOR    COMPOSITORS,    ETC.  35 

In  work  of  particular  value— historic  or  scientific  publications,  books  tbat  may  be  used  for  refer- 
ence, etc. — the  reader  should  be  on  the  lookout  for  faulty  construction  of  sentences,  b.id  metaphors, 
inconsistent  statements,  the  misuse  of  words,  and  defects  of  similar  character.  These  he  should 
query.  The  proofs  of  this  class  of  work  always  go  out,  and  the  author  will  probably  welcome 
reasonable  suggestions ;  but  the  reader  must  not  worry  himself  or  the  author  about  the  ext  reme  niceties 
of  grammar  or  suggest  pedantic  emendations.  Discrimination  should  be  made  and  the  author's 
style  not  confounded  with  his  lapses. 

Readers  will  carefully  note  the  instructions  to  compositors  as  to  spacing,  division  of  words,  etc., 
and  never  hesitate  to  mark  when  work  is  imperfect. 

Second  readers  are  enjoined  to  keep  in  full  sympathy  with  first  readers  and  copy  preparers.  They 
must  always  consult  with  the  latter  before  making  important  changes  in  proof,  and  they  should  feel 
free  to  respectfully  call  the  attention  of  a  first  reader  to  errors  in  stj'le  or  blunders  of  any  kind  that 
may  have  been  frefjuently  overlooked  by  him.  The  marks  of  the  copy  preparer  must  be  given  consid- 
eration by  all.  He  has  probably  handled  the  entire  work  and  is  in  a  position  to  know  more  about  its 
peculiarities  than  the  man  who  reads  but  a  small  portion. 

GALLEY-PROOF    REVISING. 

The  importance  of  revising  proofs  well  can  not  be  overestimated.  While  a  reviser  is  not  expected 
to  read  proof,  it  is  not  enough  for  him  to  slavishly  follow  the  marks  found  on  the  proof  sheet  which 
has  been  to  the  composing  room  for  correction.  His  aim  should  be  to  discover  new  errors,  if  possible, 
make  the  matter  uniform  in  all  essential  points,  and  correct  inconsistencies,  due  perhaps  to  a  differ- 
ence of  opinion  among  the  readers.  At  the  same  time  he  should  see  that  all  corrections  have  been 
properly  made  in  the  type,  that  words  or  lines  have  not  been  transxwsed  by  the  compositor  in  making 
the  corrections,  and  that  the  rules  governing  spacing,  division  of  words,  and  good  printing  generally 
have  been  observed.  Compositors  have  no  excuse  for  the  neglect  of  even  spacing,  either  when  setting 
the  type  or  when  making  corrections,  and  the  reader  or  reviser  who  passes  bad  spacing  will  be  held 
in  fault. 

A  reviser  must  not  remodel  thb  punctuation  of  the  readers  or  make  any  serious  changes  in  the  work 
unless  the  matter  apparently  needing  correction  is  of  unmistakable  importance.  If  he  thinks  it  neces- 
sary that  an  important  change  should  be  made,  he  shoald  submit  the  change  proposed  to  the  foreman 
for  bis  decision. 

All  queries  made  by  readers  must  be  carefully  transferred  to  the  proof  to  be  sent  oat,  which  should 
always  be  clean  and  well  printed. 

Every  paragraph  containing  an  alteration  in  a  proof  that  makes  one  or  more  overruns  must  be  reread 
as  first  proof.  It  must  be  read  aloud  by  copyholder,  word  for  word,  to  the  end  of  the  paragrajih,  or  at 
least  far  enough  to  satisfy  the  reviser  that  the  proper  correction  has  been  made  and  no  now  errors  have 
slipped  in  while  the  lines  were  being  handled.  The  practice  of  revising  the  alteration  only  and  of 
rereading  without  copyholder  has  been  the  source  of  many  errors,  and  will  no  longer  be  permitted. 

Bevising  should  be  done  with  reasonable  dispatch,  but  good  work  must  not  be  sacrificed  to  haste. 
The  "hurry  "  excuse  for  passing  bad  work  will  not  be  accepted,  as  assistance  will  be  furnished  when- 
ever necessary. 

PRESS    REVISING. 

Press  revising  is  a  branch  of  proof-room  work  requiring  special  adaptability  and  great  diligence 
and  care.  Not  only  must  the  reviser  observe  that  the  rules  governing  the  work  of  those  who  precede 
him  have  been  followed,  but  he  must  be  on  the  alert  for  a  multiplicity  of  points  not  coming  within 
their  sphere.  Hence,  a  clear  head,  quick  eye,  knowledge  of  the  style,  acquaintance  with  the  make-up 
of  various  publications,  a  high  sense  of  order,  an  ability  for  detail,  and  mind  and  nerves  not  easUy 
disturbed  are  prerequisites  to  success  in  the  work. 

A  few  general  rules  only  can  be  given  to  guide  the  press  reviser.  He  handles  a  variety  of  work  and 
must  decide  each  point  as  it  presents  itself.  He  is  cautioneil  never  to  allow  his  work  to  get  behind 
(calling  for  assistance  when  rushed),  but  not  to  make  a  sacrifice  of  correctness  for  the  sake  of  speed. 

The  following  rules  should  be  carefully  studied : 

1.  See  that  galley  slips  connect  before  beginning  the  page  or  press  revise. 

2.  See  that  page  folios  are  continuous,  that  running  heads  are  correct  and  uniform,  and  that  the 
proper  signature  is  correctly  placed. 

3.  See  that  the  scries  of  proof  sheets  is  clean  and  clear;  send  for  another  proof  in  case  they  are  not. 

4.  Kevise  carefully,  observing  connections  between  pages,  carrying  all  unanswered  queries,  and 
taking  care  that  continued  and  repeated  lines  are  free  from  errors. 

5.  If  a  revise  is  badly  corrected  or  is  from  any  cause  not  reasonably  free  from  error,  call  for  another 
correction  and  proof  (stating  number  wanted),  and  destroy  all  duplicates. 

6.  fie  on  the  lookout  for  "dropouts,"  doublets,  and  transpositions,  applying  the  rules  laid  down  for 
first  revisers. 


36  SUGGESTIONS  FOR  COMPOSITORS,  ETC. 

7.  Kead  by  copy  all  running  Iieads,  and  box  heads  in  continuous  tables ;  see  that  all  leading  lines, 
are  carried  at  the  top  where  subordinate  matter  turns  over;  that  dollar  marks  a,nd  italic  captions  of 
columns  are  properly  placed  and  uniform ;  that  the  matter  is  as  compact  as  circumstances  will  permit, 
and  that  footnotes  fall  on  the  page  containing  the  corresponding  reference,  and  are  symmetrically 
arranged. 

8.  Preserve  complete  files  of  all  proofs  returned  to  the  desk  in  the  ordinary  course  of  business,  espe- 
cially of  the  final  proofs  from  which  a  work  is  sent  to  the  press  or  foundry. 

9.  On  first  page  of  a  signature  of  a  stone  or  press  revise  carry  the  number  of  copies  and  kind  of 
paper,  with  any  special  directions  that  may  be  necessary;  and  see  that  the  form  is  properly  imposed. 

10.  Be  particular  in  making  the  "mark-off"  on  a  galley  slip  when  the  first  page  xiroofs  are  sent  out, 
cutting  the  proof  sheet  and  noting  upon  it  the  connecting  galley  slug,  the  folio  of  the  succeeding 
page,  and  the  proper  signature  of  the  same.  Ketain  the  "mark-off"  and  deliver  the  galley  slips  with 
the  clean  proof  to  the  proof  clerk. 

11.  Always  make  sure  that  dift'erent  sets  of  proof  sheets  on  any  work  are  correctly  marked  in  heries, 
as  "E,"  "2d  E,"  "3d  R,"  etc.,  and  when  a  sheet  is  stamped  "another  proof"  carry  the  same  des- 
ignating "R"  on  the  corresponding  clean  one,  and  destroy  the  stamped  proof  when  it  has  served 
its  purpose. 

12.  In  Court  of  Claims  and  Supreme  Court  records  the  index  must  be  filled  in  by  the  press  reviser, 
the  first  signature  being  retained  for  that  purpose. 

13.  "When  two  or  more  jobs  are  imposed  in  one  form,  the  reviser  should  separate  the  parts  to  verify 
the  imposition.  Until  familiar  with  the  "fold,"  however,  caution  must  be  exercised  in  cutting  the 
sheet. 

14.  Press,  stone,  and  foundry  revises  are  equally  important.  In  the  latter  especial  care  must  be 
taken  that  rules  do  not  lap,  that  work  is  not  jammed  in  the  "lockup,"  that  damaged  letters  and  "slips" 
are  indicated,  and  that  the  matter  is  ready  in  all  respects  to  pass  severe  criticism. 

15.  Government  publications  are  usually  made  up  in  the  following  order: 
Pagel.  Title. 

Page  2.  Blank. 

Page  3.  Table  of  contents.    If  ending  on  an  odd-numbered  page,  then — 

Page  4.  Blank. 

Page  5.  Letter  of  transmittal.  ^ 

Page  6.  Blank. 

Page  7.  Text  proper. 
In  the  body  of  the  work  new  pages  will  be  properly  indicated  on  the  proof  sheet.    Tables  of  con- 
tents, letters  of  transmittal,  lists  of  illustrations,  the  text  proper  of  a  book,  and  all  matter  following 
half  titles  (except  parallel  tables)  should  begin  on  a  new  odd  page. 

SIGNATURES. 

16.  All  signatures  are  designated  by  consecutive  numbers — 2,  3,  4,  etc. — from  the  first  to  the  last. 
The  distinguishing  feature  is  usually  the  j.acket  number,  preceding  the  signature  number  and 
connected  with  it  by  a  2-em  dash.  For  some  works  contractions  of  the  title  are  used,  especially  in 
annual  or  other  periodical  reports,  forms  for  which  can  be  had  upon  reference  to  the  last  one  issued . 
House  and  Senate  documents  take  tlie  following  signature  forms: 

H.  Ex.  123 7  S.  Rep.  13 9 

H.  Rep.  247 3  S.  Ex.  27 3 

H.  Mis.  17 2  S.  Mis.  123 2 

H.  Ex.  13— pt  2 5  S.  Mis.  42— pt  3 9 

Signatures  are  usually  worked  in  sixteens,  but  with  large  pages  the  form  of  eights  is  the  standard 
when  printed  from  type. 

BILL  REVISING. 

17.  In  sending  bills  to  press  there  are  points  to  be  watched  which  do  not  appear  in  other  work. 
The  open  character  of  the  pages  makes  the  form  peculiarly  liable  to  accident,  and  each  page  must  be 
closely  scanned  for  faults.  A  press  reviser  must  be  fully  conversant  with  all  the  details  and  peculiar- 
ities of  bill  work  and  be  ready  to  correct  or  take  counsel  upon  any  seeming  error  of  style  or  appar- 
ent fault.  He  must  see  that  the  indorsements  on  bills  fall  on  "even  "  pages  and  that  they  back  up 
properly  and  have  the  proper  make-up;  also  compare  the  number  of  the  bill  on  the  indorsement  with 
that  on  the  face,  as  a  safeguard  against  error.  When  any  change  has  been  made  in  the  side  folios,  he 
must  run  the  same  to  the  end  of  the  series  and  answer  for  their  correctness.  He  must  see  that  the 
proper  number  of  copies  is  written  on  each  signature  page,  according  to  the  schedule  or  memorandum 
furnished  him.  In  short,  the  reviser  is  an  umpire  on  bill  work  whose  alertness  is  his  qualification 
for  the  work.  He  is  not  expected  to  read  the  proof,  but  he  must  train  his  eye  to  detect  errors  at  a 
glance. 


SUGGESTIONS    FOR   COMPOSITORS,    ETC. 


37 


18.  Bills  are  worked  in  forms  of  eights.    The  signatures  are  made  up  like  the  following : 


Senate  bills : 
S.  2433 2 

Senate  resolutions : 
S.  R.  196 2 

Senate  Mis.  Docs. : 
S.  Mis.  24 2 


Senate  amendments  to  House  bills : 

A.H.R.4864 2 

House  bills : 

H.  R.  2142 3 

House  resolutions : 

H.  Res.  194 3 


19.  When  a  bill  is  reprinted  on  account  of  some  error  or  change,  an  asterisk  is  used  at  the  foot  of 
the  first  page.     When  more  than  one  signature  is  reprinted,  the  asterisk  follows  the  signature  number. 

20.  Committee  bills  are  always  confidential.  If  of  more  than  eight  pages  the  distinguishing  signature 
must  be  invente<l  and  placed  on  the  flr.st  as  well  as  succeeding  forms.  There  ai"e  usually  several 
prints  of  committee  bills,  each  of  which  must  be  distinguished  by  serial  additions  to  the  signature,  as 
A,  B,  C,  etc. 

21.  Every  paragraph  which  has  been  overrun  in  correcting  must  be  read  aloud  by  copyholder  from 
the  proof  sheet,  which  must  be  followed  literally. 


SIGNATURE  NUMBERS  FOR  EIGHTS. 


1 Title 

2 9 

3 17 

4 25 

5 33 

6 41 

7 49 

8 ...57 

9 65 

10 73 

11 81 

12 89 

13 97 

14 105 

15 113 

16 121 

17..... ...129 

18 137 

19 145 

20 153 

21 161 

22 169 

23 177 

24 185 

25 193 


26 301 

27 209 

28 217 

29 225 

30 233 

31 241 

32 249 

33 257 

34 265 

35 273 

36 281 

37 289 

38 297 

39 305 

40 313 

41 321 

42 329 

43 337 

44 345 

45 353 

46 361 

47 369 

48 377 

49 385 

50 393 


51 
52 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 
61 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
■  67 
68 
69 
70 

71 

j  72 

j  73 

74 


401 
409 
417 
425 
433 
441 
449 
457 
465 
473 
481 
489 
497 
505 
513 
521 
529 
537 
545 
553 
561 
569 
577 
585 
593 


76 601 

77 609 

78 617 

79 625 

80 633 

81 641 

82 649 

83 657 

84 665 

85 673 

86 681 

87 689 

88 697 

89 705 

90 713 

91 721 

92 729 

93 737 

94 745 

95 753 

96 761 

97 769 

98 777 

99 785 

100 793 


101. 
102. 
103. 
104. 
105. 
106. 
107. 
108. 
109. 
110. 
111. 
112. 
113. 
114. 
115. 
116. 
117. 
118. 
119. 
120. 
121. 
122. 
123. 
124. 
125. 


.801 

.809 

.817 

.825 

.833 

.841  j 

.849  , 

.857 

.865 

.873 

.881 

.889 

.897  I 

.905  I 

.913  j 

.921 

.929 

.937 

.945 

.953 

.961 

.969 

.977 

.985 

.993 


38 


SUGGESTIONS    FOR    COMPOSITORS,    ETC. 

SIGNATURE  NUMBERS  FOR  SIXTEENS. 


1 Title 

2 17 

3 33 

4 49 

5 65 

6 81 

7 97 

8 113 

9 129 

10 145 

11... 161 

12 177 

13 193 

14 209 

15 225 

16 241 

17 257 

18 273 

19 289 

20 305 

21 321 

22 337 

23 353 

24 369 

25 385 

26 401 

27 417 

28 433 

29 449 

30 465 

31 ...481 

32 497 

33 513 

34 529 

35 545 

36 561 

37 577 

38 593 


39 609 

40 625 

41 641 

42 657 

43 673 

44 689 

45 705 

46 721 

47 737 

48 753 

49 769 

50 785 

51 801 

52 817 

53 833 

54 849 

55 865 

56 881 

57 897 

58 913 

59 929 

60 945 

61 961 

62 977 

63 993 

64 1009 

65 1025 

66 1041 

67 1057 

68 1073 

69 1089 

70 1105 

71 1121 

72 1137 

73 1153 

74 1169 

75 1185 

76 1201 


77 1217 

78 1233 

79 1249 

80 1265 

81 1281 

82 1297 

83 1313 

84 1329 

85 1345 

86 1361 

87 1377 

88 1393 

89 1409 

90 1425 

91 1441 

92 1457 

93 1473 

94 1489 

95 1505 

96 1521 

97 1537 

98 1553 

99 1569 

100 1585 

101 1601 

102 1617 

103 1633 

104 1649 

105 1665 

106 1681 

107 1697 

108 1713 

109 1729 

110 1745 

111 1761 

112 1777 

113 1793 

114 1809 


115 1825 

116 1841 

117 1857 

118 1873 

119 1889 

120 1905 

121...... 1921 

122 1937 

123 1953 

124 1969 

125 1985 

126 2001 

127 2017 

128 2033 

129 2049 

130 2065 

131 2081 

132 2097 

133 2113 

134 2129 

135 2145 

136 2161 

137 2177 

138 2193 

139 2209 

140 2225 

141 2241 

142 2257 

143 2273 

144.. 2289 

145 2305 

146 2321 

147 2337 

148 2353 

149 2369 

150 2385 

151 2401 

152 2417 


153 2433 

154 2449 

155 2465 

156 2481 

157 2497 

158 2513 

159 2529 

160 2545 

161 2561 

162 2577 

163 2593 

164 2609 

165 2625 

166 2641 

167 2657 

168 2673 

169 2689 

170 2705 

171 2721 

172 2737 

173 2753 

174 2769 

175 2785 

176 2801 

177 2817 

178 2833 

179 2849 

180 2865 

181 2881 

182 2897 

183 2913 

184 2929 

185... ...2945 

186 2961 

187 2977 

188 2993 

189 3009 

190 3025 


APPENDIX. 


STANDARD    PAGE    MEASUREMENTS. 
WIDTH  OF  PAGE. 


i 

CD 

d 
"3. 

1 
§ 

o 

■ 

J 

i 

s 

f 

PQ 

d 

1 
a 

■a 
§ 

Heoord 
type. 

Bnlletiiis  Bureau 

of  American 

Republics. 

- 

u 

1 

s 

a 
o 

1 

pq 

1 

i4 

at 
o 

42 

36 

32 

31J 

26 

30 

53 
45J 

m 

33 

45i 

3»J 
33 

6«J 

57 

50| 

50 

4U 

55J 
3»| 

84 
72 
84 
63 
52 

T2i 
52i 

«5 

554 

494 

484 

40 

854 

734 

654 

64 

52i 

Statutes 

j 

Prof,  papers  (new) 
Document 

40         32} 

261 

12mo 

22 
211 
20J 
20i 



24 

28 
27J 

2«i 

28 
274 
25J 
26i 

35 
34J 
32 
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33J 
31J 
83 

44 

43 

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Law* 

43i 

33 
811 

434 

AM 

j 

General  order 

1 

Record' 

32     1     421 

1 

1 

LENGTH  OF  PAOE.« 


Census 

Quarto 

Statutes  

Prof,  papers  (new) 

Document 

Court  decisions 

12mo 40     

Law* I    44i    

General  order I    314    

Record j    58        65 


58 
52 
50 
44| 

**V     •44| 

404 


72 
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624 
564 

1 56 
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56 
40 

72 


65 

624 

564 

56 

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56 

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91 

82 

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624 

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116 

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100 

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884 

81 

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884 

63 

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106 


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88 
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116 
106 
100 
91 
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81 
63 
114 


«48 


»38i 


■  The  same  width  as  document,  indented  2  ems         'Does  not  include  head  or  foot  slue, 
primer  on  each  side.  *  Bulletins  Bureau  of  American  Republics  in 

"  Text  only.  length. 
»  Width  of  column.  *  When  made  up  with  side  notes. 

SIGNS. 

MATHEMATICAL,  ASTBOKOMICAL,  AND  PHYSICAL. 


fa 

3 

3 

5 

¥ 

tb 

fi 

T 

» 

n 

V3 

a 

n. 

:£b- 

■a 

J2 

0 

+ 

X 

m 

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a 

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d 

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© 

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tr 

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a 

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z 

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± 

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fi 

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+ 

— 

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© 

A 

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A 

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% 

% 

% 

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9 

9 

*      39 


40 


APPENDIX. 
GREEK    ALPHABET. 


\ 

LOWER 

CAPS. 

CASE. 

GREEK  SOUND. 

ENGLISH   SOUND. 

A 

a 

Al})lia. 

A. 

B 

fi6 

Beta. 

B. 

r 

y 

Gamma. 

G. 

A 

d 

Delta. 

D. 

E 

£€ 

Epsilon. 

E  short. 

Z 

^^l 

Zeta. 

Z. 

H 

V 

Eta. 

E  loiig. 

0 

dS 

Tbeta 

Th. 

I 

I 

Iota. 

I. 

K 

Kk 

Kappa. 

K. 

A 

A 

Lambda. 

L. 

M 

/' 

Mu. 

M. 

N 

V 

Nu. 

N. 

p^ 

Xi. 

X. 

0 

o 

Omicrou. 

O  short. 

77 

7T  u 

Pi. 

P. 

P 

P 

Rlio. 

R. 

2 

O  ? 

Sigma. 

S. 

T 

r 

Tail. 

T. 

T 

V 

Upsilon. 

U. 

Q 

9  <i> 

Plii. 

F. 

X 

X 

Chi. 

Ch. 

XTf 

Slj: 

Psi. 

Ps. 

n 

OD 

Omega. 

O  long. 

GREEK    CASE. 


\:s 

p 

n    0 

M 

N 

e 

A 

B 

r 

A 

E 

Z 

H 

0 

T 

ft 

c 

K 

I 



Y 

8 

€ 

I 

6  5 

^ 

? 

r 

6 

f 

A 

M 

^ 

Tt 

<p 

^ 

X 

A 

A 

V 

V 

o 

6 

Zj 

* 

X 

s 

GO 

w 

H 

V 

r 

a 

P 

£1 

K 

PRINCIPAL 

GREEK    ACCENTS. 

i 

\ 

I 

1 
i    \     i 

l 

'i 

f 

I 

i 

I 

i 

i 

I 

AUG    2  3   1957 


YE  I4%4 


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